2.  without light and radiant energy from the Sun we would not have life on Earth  its energy is needed for plants to grow, the atmosphere to circulate, etc  energy is defined as “the capacity to do work or a task”

3.  there are various forms of energy: 1. chemical potential energy  energy released or absorbed in a chemical reaction 2. sound energy  energy of vibrations of sound waves 3. radiant energy  energy of light and electromagnetic waves 4. nuclear energy  energy when atoms split (fission) or are made (fusion) 5. electrical energy  energy of electrons moving in a circuit

4. 6. thermal energy  energy of atoms or molecules moving rapidly (ex: heat) 7. gravitational potential energy  energy due to the height of an object 8. kinetic energy  energy of a moving object 9. elastic potential energy  energy stored in an object if it is stretched or compressed (ex: spring)

5.  all of these can change from one form to another  this is called an energy transformation  an energy transformation equation shows the changes in forms of energy  ex: a microwave oven takes electrical energy and converts it into radiant (microwave) energy which then transforms into thermal (heat) energy, which cooks the food electrical energy  radiant energy  thermal energy

6.  fireworks release chemical potential energy, which is changed into sound and light energy  electrical energy delivered to a stove heats water in a pot; the thermal energy in the water then transfers to the pasta and cooks it

7.  any device that changes energy is called an energy transformation technology (ex: oven, toaster, TV)  this device transforms energy for a specific purpose

8.  energy, the capacity to do work or to accomplish a task, exists in different forms, for example, thermal energy and kinetic energy  in an energy transformation, energy changes from one form to another  the transformation can be described using an energy transformation equation

9.  write the energy transformation equation for the following: 1. a battery-powered portable flashlight 2. an electric drill with a rechargeable battery

10. 1. chemical potential energy  electrical energy  radiant energy + thermal energy 1. electrical energy  chemical potential energy  electrical energy  kinetic energy + sound energy + thermal energy  Complete questions #1-3 on page 131