2. GREEN DORM Energy Technologies Group 6 Bethany Corcoran Andrew Ehrich Eric Stoutenburg Kimberly Walton

3. The Stanford Delivery Process: Where Are We? Feasibility Phase Completed Waiting for Board of Trustees Approval to begin Schematic Design Design options have been proposed, but no decisions have been determined

4. Current State Narrative

5. Future State Narrative

6. Owners University Officials Board of Trustees President Provost Stakeholders Users Students Faculty Researchers Neighbors Visitors Operators Maintenance Dining Services Utilities – Susan Kulakowski Housing – Rodger Whitney Facilities/Grounds Manager Cleaning services Information Technology Regulators Fire Marshall and Police Occupational Health and Safety County codes and permits Parking and Transportation Donors Corporations Alumni Individuals Designers Architects Campus Planning – Laura Goldstein Architecture firm - EHDD Landscape Architect Interior Design Architect Consulting Architects Campus Architect - Dave Lenox Engineers Structural – Tipping Mar & Assoc. Mechanical – Taylor Engineering Electrical – Integrated Design Assoc. Civil – Sherwood Design Engineers Faculty Consultants – CEE Department Contractors Contractor – Pankow Builders Sub-contractor Project Manager

7. - Comparable Student Cost - Innovative Leadership on Campus - Realistic New Technologies Goal Model Evolution 2. Insert additional goals to form comprehensive list for energy technologies 1. Extract goals from existing list that relate to energy technologies 3. Organize goals to create balanced model - Electricity Quality and Reliability - Ease of Operation and Maintenance - Incorporates Ongoing Research - Model for Sustainable Living – Remove some goals – Add/Combine some goals:

8. Goal Model

9. Options Biogas Digestor Microturbine Fuel Cell Stirling Engine Photovoltaic Cells Electric Vehicles Energy Efficiency: Smart Grid & Smart Building Geothermal Heat Pump Solar Water Heater Greywater Heat Recovery Radiant Slab Heating Natural Gas

10. Biogas Digestor Reactor tank Produces methane gas from anaerobic digestion Odor issues? Ongoing research by Gil Masters and Craig Criddle

11. Microturbine Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Save 40 - 50% of energy compared to conventional power plant Ongoing research by Gil Masters and Craig Criddle

12. Fuel Cell Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Save 40 - 50% of energy compared to conventional power plant Ongoing research by Gil Masters and Craig Criddle

13. Stirling Engine Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Capture and use waste heat from small power plants located at the end use Save 40 - 50% of energy compared to conventional power plant Ongoing research by Gil Masters and Craig Criddle

14. Photovoltaic Cells Use sunlight to generate electricity Renewable resource Low operation and maintenance involved Ongoing research by David Sheu

15. Electric Vehicles Store extra electricity in plug-in hybrid vehicle, use as emergency generator Electricity equivalent ≈ $1/gallon By charging during off- peak hours, 70% of light- vehicle miles could run on today’s electricity grid Ongoing research by Paul Kreiner

16. Energy Efficiency: Smart Grid & Smart Building Monitor electricity rates Adjust building electricity usage dynamically Minimize electricity costs

17. Geothermal Heat Pump Pumps heat to or from the ground into building Uses less electricity than typical furnace Can also be reversed for air conditioning

18. Solar Water Heater Passive: Integral Collector Storage (ICS) Potentially no pump, no controller, no sensors, but depends heavily on climate and time-of-use Ongoing research by Jonas Ketterle

19. Greywater Heat Recovery Ongoin research by Paul Kreiner Take heat from used shower water and turn into energy

20. Radiant Slab Heating Run tubing inside floor to move heat through building Heat rises up from floor to the air Feet always warm Currently used in some Stanford graduate student housing

21. “Plug and Play” Thermal-Energy System

22. Option Packages Combined Heat and Power Biogas Digester Microturbine Fuel Cell Stirling Engine Natural Gas Radiant Slab Heating Solar-Electric Photovoltaic Cells Electric Vehicles Energy Efficiency: Smart Grid & Smart Building Geothermal Heat Pump Solar Hot Water Heater Greywater Heat Recovery Radiant Slab Heating Improved Baseline Green Photovoltaic Cells Energy Efficiency: Smart Grid & Smart Building Geothermal Heat Pump Solar Hot Water Heater Radiant Slab Heating Gil's Choice (Everything) Biogas Digester Microturbine Fuel Cell Stirling Engine Photovoltaic Cells Electric Vehicles Energy Efficiency: Smart Grid & Smart Building Geothermal Heat Pump Solar Hot Water Heater Greywater Heat Recovery Radiant Slab Heating Natural Gas

28. Possible Questions and Tradeoffs What are the costs of different technologies? How can the design team successfully navigate the potentially competing desires to minimize first cost and reduce energy use through novel and innovative technology? If the Green Dorm uses a variety of new technologies, how can the design team ensure the requisite quality and reliability needed for a dorm? How might the combination of a diverse set of energy and electricity generation technologies interact with each other? What technologies can simultaneously satisfy multiple goals? If the Green Dorm is radically different in its design and day-to-day operation, how will that affect housing, maintenance, and facilities? Will those considerations increase the operation cost, and thus possibly the cost passed on to student residents?