1. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 1 © Imran Hussain | UMT Imran Hussain University of Management and Technology (UMT) Lecture 43 Information Retrieval Virtual University Human-Computer Interaction

2. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 2 © Imran Hussain | UMT In the Last Lecture Various ways in which computer communicate with users –Error messages –Notifier and conformation dialog boxes

3. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 3 © Imran Hussain | UMT In the Today Lecture Various methods of provided audio feedback –Negative –Positive Ways in which software application communicates and conveys information to the user Information retrieval in desktop environment Discipline of information architecture within the web environment

4. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 4 © Imran Hussain | UMT Negative audible feedback: Announcing user failure Negative audible feedback –noise is emitted when something bad happens

5. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 5 © Imran Hussain | UMT Positive audible feedback Examples –Closing a door –Pressing light switch –Turning key in car ignition

6. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 6 © Imran Hussain | UMT Available Choices No noise vs. noise for negative feedback No noise vs. unpleasant noise for negative feedback No noise vs. soft and pleasant noises for positive feedback

7. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 7 © Imran Hussain | UMT One of the objective with software application is to communicate brand and identity of the software application

8. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 8 © Imran Hussain | UMT Your identity on the desktop ways of asserting identity –Program’s icon –Program’s name

9. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 9 © Imran Hussain | UMT Your program’s icon Should readily visible 2 different sizes icons in windows –32 x 32 pixels (desktop) –16 x 16 pixels (title bar) Icon should be –High quality –Visibly distinct at distance from other icons

10. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 10 © Imran Hussain | UMT Your program’s name Appears in 2 places –Title bar (of program’s main window) –Taskbar

11. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 11 © Imran Hussain | UMT Ancillary application windows These are windows that are not really part of the application’s functionality –Available on request –E.g., credit screens

12. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 12 © Imran Hussain | UMT About boxes A simple dialog box that identifies the program to user

13. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 13 © Imran Hussain | UMT About boxes 1 2 3 4 5

14. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 14 © Imran Hussain | UMT Splash screens Screens that appear in first instance Used for branding and marketing

15. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 15 © Imran Hussain | UMT Shareware splash screens 1

16. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 16 © Imran Hussain | UMT Online help Online help should be provided but should not be substitute for good design

17. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 17 © Imran Hussain | UMT The index Users don’t read manuals like book, so index is useful Indexes should be created carefully and it is recommended that it should be done by professional indexer –List of index entries is more important that text itself –provide synonyms Example –User want to black the cell in the table in word processor – “how can I set shading of this cell to 100%”

18. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 18 © Imran Hussain | UMT Storage and Retrieval Systems Storage system –A method for safekeeping goods in a repository –A physical system composed of a container and the tools necessary to put objects in and take them back out again Retrieval system –A method for finding goods in a repository –A logical system that allows goods to be located according to some abstract value (e.g., like name, position, etc.)

19. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 19 © Imran Hussain | UMT Storage and Retrieval in the Physical World Storage and retrieval by location Indexed retrieval

20. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 20 © Imran Hussain | UMT Storage and retrieval by location In physical world, remembering where we put an item – its address, or location – helps us to find it Book –We go to where we left book, or where others books are found –We don’t find books by association.

21. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 21 © Imran Hussain | UMT Indexed retrieval For large volumes, storage and retrieval by location is not possible Libraries … Dewey Decimal system –Give every book an index number based on its title and subject matter –The books are shelved in this numerical order –If you know number, you can find book

22. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 22 © Imran Hussain | UMT Indexed retrieval How to find number? Use index –A collection of records that allows you to find location of an item by looking up an attribute of the item –3 copies of cards created for each book –Each card placed in a separate index –You physically retrieve book by participating in a system of storage (shelves and numbers), but logically find the book by participating in a system of retrieval (card indices)

23. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 23 © Imran Hussain | UMT Retrieval methods 3 ways to find a document on a computer –Positional retrieval (remember location) –Identity retrieval (remember name) –Associative or attributed-based retrieval

24. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 24 © Imran Hussain | UMT An attribute-based retrieval system Today’s desktops cannot adopt an attribute-based retrieval system Attribute-based system could allow user find documents by –Synonyms –Related topics –Attributes

25. Virtual University - Human Computer Interaction 25 © Imran Hussain | UMT Information architecture system for web site Organizational systems Labeling systems Navigational systems Searching systems