1. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 21 Instrumentation and Information Displays

2. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Instrument Panels Dashboard is called the instrument panel Consists of gauges, switches, and controls

3. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Analog – An indicator moves in front of a fixed scale to indicate a condition Digital – Uses numbers or graphic symbols instead of a moving needle Types of Displays

4. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Analog Display

5. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Digital Display

6. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Heads-Up Displays Projects information on the windshield in front of the driver Reduces the necessity to look away from the road

7. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Light-Emitting Diodes (LED) – Use special diodes that light when energized Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) – Must have an external light source Types of Digital Displays

8. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. An LCD Display

9. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Provide scaled information Require voltage regulators and sending units Instrument voltage regulators (IVRs) stabilize and limit voltage to gauges Gauge input is from a sending unit Instrument Gauges

10. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Instrument Voltage Regulator

11. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Air Core Gauge Most common type in modern vehicles Needle movement controlled by a sending unit

12. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Quartz Analog Gauge Driven by a stepper motor The motor position is known by the number of steps commanded Commonly used in GM speedometers

13. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Magnetic Gauges Magnet attracts ferrous needle Armature field opposes PM Attractive or repulsive forces move needle

14. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Two Coil (Balancing Coil) Gauge – Uses the interaction of two electromagnets and the total field effect on an armature to cause needle movement Instrument Gauges (Cont.)

15. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Balancing Coil Gauge

16. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Bimetallic Gauges – Are sometimes called thermoelectric gauges – Use two dissimilar metals to transform the heating effect of electricity into mechanical movement – Some use an instrument voltage regulator (IVR) to provide a constant voltage to the gauge Instrument Gauges (Cont.)

17. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Prove-Out Display Used to test indicator lights and gauges

18. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Knowledge Check Which type of gauge may be controlled by a module and a stepper motor?

19. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Speedometer Odometer Oil pressure gauge Coolant temperature gauge Fuel level gauge Tachometer Charging gauges Basic Information Gauges

20. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Speedometer Older vehicles used a drive cable Vehicles may use a transmission mounted vehicle speed sensor (VSS) Some vehicles use ABS wheel speed sensor data The VSS sends pulses to speedometer head VSS information also used by cruise control, ride control, and engine control modules

21. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Odometer A mechanical odometer may be driven off speedometer shaft or by a small motor Electronic odometers receive VSS input Mileage data is stored non- volatile ROM Replacement odometers must represent correct mileage

22. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Odometer Electronic odometers receive VSS input Mileage data is stored non-volatile ROM

23. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Oil Pressure Gauge Typical oil pressure between 45 and 70 psi If low pressure or engine off, no current flows through gauge winding A piezoresistive sensor controls current flow through the gauge

24. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

25. Coolant Temperature Gauge Sending unit is usually a NTC thermistor Low coolant temperature equals high sender resistance High resistance equals low current flow

26. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Fuel Level Gauge Uses a variable resistor Low fuel level equals low resistance

27. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Tachometer Pulses to the tach usually come from ignition module or PCM Uses a balanced coil gauge Increased engine RPM increases the pulses to the gauge

28. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Charging Gauges Most vehicles use a volt gauge or indicator light Older vehicles may have an ammeter Indicator lamp will light when charging system voltage is less than battery voltage

29. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Knowledge Check Technician A says when a NTC thermistor is cold, its resistance is low. Technician B says when a NTC thermistor is hot, its resistance is low. Who is correct?

30. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Indicator and Warning Lights Inform the driver of something that is normally off is now on May inform the driver something that is normally on is now off Rear defroster grid indicator lights when on ABS and/or traction control light means the system is off

31. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Indicator Lights

32. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Fasten Seal Belt Indicator – Illuminates if driver’s seat belt is not buckled Tire Pressure Monitor (TPM) – May light yellow or red depending on pressure Brake Warning Light – Indicates parking brake is engaged, there is low brake fluid, or a problem with the brake system Indicator and Warning Lights (Cont.)

33. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. TPMS Warning Lights

34. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Antilock Light – Indicates an ABS fault Brake Pad Indicator – Brake sensors sense thin brake pad lining Stop Light Warning Light – Illuminates if a brake light is inoperative Indicator and Warning Lights (Cont.)

35. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Pad Wear Warning Light

36. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Traction/Stability Control Lamp – Indicates a problem in the traction and/or stability control system Check Engine Light – On late model vehicles this indicates an emissions system related fault has occurred Indicator and Warning Lights (Cont.)

37. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. MIL and TC Warning Lights

38. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Oil Pressure Light – May be red or yellow depending on oil pressure Charge Indicator Light – If charging system voltage is below battery voltage this light will illuminate Check Filler Cap – Check and tighten fuel filler cap Indicator and Warning Lights (Cont.)

39. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Low Fuel Warning – Indicates fuel level is below one quarter full Add Coolant Lamp – Illuminates if coolant level is low Maintenance Reminder – Mileage triggered light to have vehicle inspected and serviced Indicator and Warning Lights (Cont.)

40. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Maintenance Light

41. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Transmission Indicator – Indicates a transmission fault and may place transmission in limp-in/fail-safe mode Drive Indicator – Used on some 4WD vehicles O/D Off Indicator Rear Defrost Indicator Indicator and Warning Lights (Cont.)

42. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. High-Beam Indicator Left and Right Turn Indicators Fog Light Indicator Lamp-out Warning Cruise Control Light Indicator and Warning Lights (Cont.)

43. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Air Suspension Light – Illuminates if a fault is present in the air suspension control system Door Ajar Warning Washer Fluid Lamp Indicator and Warning Lights (Cont.)

44. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Sound Warning Devices Used to remind drivers of certain vehicle conditions – Fasten seat belts – Air bag operational – Key left in ignition – Door ajar – Lights left on

45. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Park Distance Control (PDC) Sensors measure distance from the front and/or rear of vehicle to an object An audible signal increases in frequency as the vehicle gets closer to the object Uses ultrasonic sensors May include a visual indicator

46. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. PDC Sensors

47. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Driver Information Centers Various gauges, warning lights, and controls may be grouped together May also provide fuel range, economy, and usage details Can show average vehicle speeds, oil life index, and various engine-operating parameters

48. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Driver Information Center

49. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Knowledge Check Technician A says a driver warning may be a yellow or red light on the dash. Technician B says a driver warning may be an audible warning. Who is correct?

50. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Hybrid Vehicles Honda – Displays status of hybrid system, fuel economy, battery status, and charge/assist

51. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Hybrid Vehicles Toyota – Pressure sensitive touch screen – Energy monitor display

52. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

53. Hybrid Vehicles (Cont.) Ready light Output control warning light HV battery warning light Hybrid system warning light Malfunction indicator light Discharge warning light

54. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Ready Light

55. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Fuses Indicator bulbs Detector switches (indicator systems) Sender units (gauge systems) IVR (gauge systems) Gauges (gauge systems) General Diagnosis and Testing

56. © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Poor mating of connector halves Backed out terminals Wire chafing Connector body damage Dirty or corroded terminals Poor wire-to-terminal connections Intermittent Problem Causes