1. Sinification of Vietnam

2. Vietnamese Identity  Distinct group of people  Shared common heritage  Desire to remain politically independent

3. Chinese Advantages  Initial contact with Qin  Development of lively trade  Chinese: silk  Vietnamese: ivory, pearls, tortoise shell, peacock feathers and exotic woods

4. Vietnamese Culture Differs from Chinese  Vietnamese  Long skirts for women  Cockfights  Chewed betel nut  Blackened teeth  Buddhism  Nuclear family  Distinctive art and poetry  Chinese  Black pants  Never adopted cockfights for entertainment  Disgusted by betel nut  Repulsed by blackened teeth  Extended family

5. Betel Nut and Blackened Teeth

6. Cockfighting

7. Chinese Conquest  Han rulers  At first happy with Viet ruler as vassal  Accepted tribute  111BCE wanted total control  Viet elite  Cooperated with China  Worked into bureaucracy  Chinese schools and Confucianism

8. Resistance Movements  Aristocracy  Chinese disdain for local customs  Considered backward  Peasants  Little interest in Chinese culture  Trung sisters  Led peasant revolt against Chinese in 39 CE  Reaction to patriarchal society

9. Vietnamese Independence  Strong sense of identity  Fragile bonds to China  Geographic barriers  Few Chinese residents in region  907: Fall of Tang offered opportunity/chaos  939: won independence

10. Ancient Vietnam