1. Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity – Exaggerated immune response that have deleterious effects and causes damage to the individual.
Anaphylaxis – an immediate hypersensitivity reaction triggered by mast cell degranulation. Can be local or systemic.
Prophylaxis - measures designed to preserve health and prevent the spread of disease; protective or preventive treatment.
Can be:
immediate or
delayed (DTH)

2. Hypersensitivity Classification based on immune response:
Type I – IgE-Mediated
Type II – Antibody-Mediated Cytotoxic
Type III – Immune Complex-Mediated
Type IV – Delayed-Type (DTH)

3. Hypersensitivity Type I – IgE-Mediated Hypersensitivity
cross-linking of IgE to mast cells and basophils
results in systemic and local anaphylaxis

4. Type I – IgE-mediated Hypersensitivity

5. Type I – IgE-mediated Hypersensitivity
Allergens – antigens that induce type I hypersensitivity

6. Type I – IgE-mediated Hypersensitivity
IgE cross-linkage initiates
degranulation

7. Type I – IgE-mediated Hypersensitivity
Mediators of Type I Reactions:
Primary
Histamine
Serotonin
Chemotactic factors
Proteases
Secondary
Platelet-activating factor
Leukotrienes
Prostaglandins
Bradykinin
Cytokines

8. Type I – IgE-mediated Hypersensitivity
systemic anaphylaxis
local anaphylaxis
Allergic rhinitis
Asthma
Food allergies
Atopic dermatitis
Treatment of Type I hypersensitivity
Antihistamines
Cromolyn sodium
Theophylline
Epinephrine
Cortisone

9. Hypersensitivity
Type II – Antibody-Mediated Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity
Antibodies mediate destruction
via complement or ADCC

10. Type II Hypersensitivity
Type II – Antibody-Mediated Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity

11. Type II Hypersensitivity

12. Hypersensitivity Type III – Immune Complex-Mediated Hypersensitivity
Antibody-antigen complexes
activate complement

13. Type III Hypersensitivity
Immune Complex-Mediated
Hypersensitivity

14. Hypersensitivity Type IV – Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity
Cytokine release activate
macrophages and TC cells

15. Type IV - Hypersensitivity

16. Type IV - Hypersensitivity

17. Type IV - Hypersensitivity

18. Type IV
Hypersensitivity