1. SYSTEM THE CARDIOVASCULAR

2. REFERENCES Tortora & Derrickson Lancraft et al Ellen G. White

3. CONTENTS  Composition of The Cardiovascular System  How does it Work – Outline  The Blood Origin Function Physical Characteristics Components

4. “Perfect health depends upon perfect circulation. The more active the circulation the more free from obstructions and impurities will be the blood. The blood nourishes the body. The health of the body depends upon the healthful circulation of the blood.” Healthful living p.178

5. COMPOSITION OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

6. COMPOSITION OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

7. COMPOSITION CLOSED SYSTEM OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

8. COMPOSITION Video 1. The Cardiovascular System An Outline of OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM VIDEO

9. COMPOSITION  Five Main Types of Blood Vessels OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

10. COMPOSITION  Five Main Types of Blood Vessels OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

11. COMPOSITION  Five Main Types of Blood Vessels

12. COMPOSITION  Five Main Types of Blood Vessels OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

13. HOW DOES IT WORK? THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

14. HOW DOES IT WORK? THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

15. HOW DOES IT WORK? THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

16. HOW DOES IT WORK? THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

17. HOW DOES IT WORK? Capillary Exchange ANIMATIONS THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

18. HOW DOES IT WORK? Capillary Exchange Pick’em EXERCISES THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

19. THE BLOOD -ORIGIN -FUNCTION - PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS

20. ORIGIN OF THE BLOOD

21. ORIGIN OF THE BLOOD BONE MARROW

22. ORIGIN OF THE BLOOD BONE MARROW

23. ORIGIN OF THE BLOOD BONE MARROW

24. ORIGIN OF THE BLOOD The kidneys for synthesize the peptide hormone erythropoietin (EPO), which is an essential factor for the stimulation of RBC formation. EPO is produced in the renal tissue and released to the blood circulation to promote the maturation cycle of immature RBCs in the bone marrow. Without nucleus, RBC die quickly, about 120 days and need constant replacement.

25. Audio 1. Origin of Blood ORIGIN OF THE BLOOD Figure 19.3 - Origin, Development, and Structure of Blood Cells

26. FUNCTIONS OF THE BLOOD

27. FUNCTIONS OF THE BLOOD

28. FUNCTIONS 1.Transportation 2.Regulation 3.Protection OF THE BLOOD

29. FUNCTIONS  Transportation OF THE BLOOD Gases – O2 / CO2 Nutrients Hormones Heat

30. FUNCTIONS  Transportation OF THE BLOOD

31. FUNCTIONS  Regulation OF THE BLOOD Homeostasis PH Temperature Water content of cells

32. FUNCTIONS  Regulation OF THE BLOOD

33. FUNCTIONS  Protection OF THE BLOOD Haemorrhage (through blood clotting) Diseases (actions undergone by the WBC)

34. FUNCTIONS  Protection OF THE BLOOD

35. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BLOOD

36. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BLOOD

37. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -Blood is denser and more viscous than water and feels slightly sticky. - Colour varies with its oxygen content. - Temperature = 38oC. OF THE BLOOD

38. COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD

39. COMPONENTS Video 2. Components of the Blood OF THE BLOOD VIDEO

40. COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD

41. COMPONENTS RBC - Red Blood Cell WBC – White Blood Cell PLATELETS PLASMA OF THE BLOOD

42. COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD

43. COMPONENTS PLASMA OF THE BLOOD

44. COMPONENTS RBC - RED BLOOD CELL OF THE BLOOD

45. COMPONENTS RBC - RED BLOOD CELL OF THE BLOOD

46. COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD 280 million haemoglobin molecules!

47. COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD 280 million haemoglobin molecules!

48. Components Video 3. Respiration and Ventilation OF THE BLOOD VIDEO Video 4. Oxygen Transportation

50. COMPONENTS WBC- WHITE BLOOD CELL OF THE BLOOD

51. RBC Platelets WBC COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD

52. COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD

53. COMPONENTS PLATELETS Thrombocytes Small, non-nucleated cell fragments (produced in red bone marrow) Involved in Blood Clotting! OF THE BLOOD

54. COMPONENTS Haemostasis (Blood clotting) OF THE BLOOD

55. COMPONENTS Haemostasis (Blood clotting) OF THE BLOOD

56. COMPONENTS Haemostasis (Blood clotting) OF THE BLOOD

57. COMPONENTS Haemostasis (Blood clotting) OF THE BLOOD 1.Vasoconstriction - Platelets adhere to damaged wall, release serotonin (which makes platelets stickier and call more platelets to the clotting site), constricts vessel. 2.Platelet plug formation (Positive feedback) 3.Coagulation (Needs clotting factors) Process of clot formation 4.Fibrinolysis 4 stages

58. Vasoconstriction Platelet Plug formation Coagulation Fibrinolysis EXPOSURE OF COLLAGEN = Vascular Spasm (Vasoconstriction): & Thromboxane release (vasoconstrictor and platelet aggregation) Activated platelet discharge contents- include ADP, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), serotonin, calcium, vWF, Factor V, fibrinogen & Thromboxane. (+ve feedback) These secreted substances further promote formation of the platelet. (+ve Feedback) When platelets contact exposed collagen, the coagulation factors or clotting factors are activated and they respond in a complex Coagulation Cascade whereby inactive PRO-THROMBIN (FactorII) converts to active Thrombin (FactorIIa) which activates FIBRINOGEN eventually forming fibrin strands which strengthen the platelet plug.

59. CELL DEATH BLOOD

60. CELL DEATH Video 5. Haemoglobin Recycling VIDEO BLOOD

61. CELL DEATH BLOOD

62. REFERENCES SOURCE: WHITE.E. (1898). Healthful Living. Ellen G. White Writings – Comprehensive Research CD Room(2008 Ed.); Ellen White Estate. Tortora, J.; Bryan D. (2011). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. Vol. 1 and 2; (14 th ed.) John Wiley and Sons. Animations: Cardiovascular system – available online (on purchase) CNM – College of Naturopathic Medicine - lectures notes VIDEO 1 - THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3ZDJgFDdk0 VIDEO 2 - THE COMPONENTS OF BLOOD http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bzYmPQOKBL8 Audio 1. Origin of Blood (Ch. 19/Figure 19.3 audio file) – available online (free) http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/tortora/0470565101/hearthis_ill/pap13e_ch19_illustr_audio_mp3_am/si mulations/hear/blood.html VIDEO 3 – RESPIRATION and VENTILATION http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiT621PrrO0

63. REFERENCES SOURCE: VIDEO 4 – OXIGEN TRANSPORTATION http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXOBJEXxNEo VIDEO 5 – HAEMOGLOBIN RECYCLING http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g97zy_G_mYk

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