1. HOW TO READ SKELETAL X-RAY Dr. Suheab Maghrabi MBBS, MSc.

2. X rays: Electromagnetic Radiation. Absorption varies between tissues. Bone Soft tissue Air

3. Be systematic. Don’t rush to conclusions.

4. Common rules: 1. Two views. At 90 degrees, usually anterior-posterior and lateral. 2. Two joints. The joints above and below. 3. Two occasions. Some fractures are not easily visible immediately after trauma. 4. Two limbs. If required for comparison.

5. 1. Patient profile. 2. Orientation. 3. Bone. 4. Joint. 5. Soft tissue.

6. Patient profile Name. Date Adequacy (penetration, joint A/B)

7. Orientation View (AP, L or special view). Side (R/L) Bone (which bone?). Joint.

9. Bone: Deformity. Fracture: Location Pattern Deformity (distal in relation to proximal). Displacement Angulation Rotation Density. Radio-Lucent/Opaque.

11. Joint: Dislocation. Fracture. Degeneration.

12. Soft tissue: Swelling Calcification

13. Thank You