1. Learning Outcome Jad Najjar (WU Vienna) Learning Outcome Definitions Jad Najjar (WU Vienna)

2. Outcome-based education  Bologna Process: focus on learning outcomes (student centered view)  Learning outcomes state what a learner  knows, understands (knowledge), and  is able to do (skills, competences) after completing a learning process. Learning outcomes Teaching methods Workload (ECTS) Assessment techniques

3. Learning outcomes: Examples Students are able to … …explain the greenhouse effect …enumerate the most influential politicians of the 20th century …design an interactive website that complies with Web Accessibility Guidelines …filter out relevant literature for a given research problem. …guide their team mates in improving the architectural model of a system. …moderate a virtual task-force meeting Knowledge Skills Competence

4. Example: nursing competencies From Sitthisak, Gilbert, & Davis (2007)

5. Foreseen Effects of Outcome-based Learning  Programme delivery: improved service quality (goal – control – cycle)  Programme delivery: better defined interfaces of learning offerings  Teacher: community-of-practice around learning outcomes  Teacher: assessment aligned with learning outcomes  Learner: increased transparency of class offerings (move from teaching to learning)  Learner: increased mobility  Recruiter: increased transparency of knowledge, skills, and competencies aquired 5

6. What is needed..?  LMS should support reuse of “standardised” learning outcomes  Common taxonomy across programs, departments, faculties, universities  Standards based annotation and exchange of learning outcomes  LMS should implement widgets that make use of learning outcomes  Navigate a taxonomy of learning outcomes  Find content and teachers based on course outcomes; who teaches similar courses like me across university or worldwide

7. Learning Outcome Definitions (LOD) Schema  An application profile of IEEE Reusable Competency Definitions (IEEE RCD)  Describes the characteristics of a learning outcomes  Enable storage, referencing, sharing Learning outcomes data  Identifier  Title  Description  Type  An extension to IEEE RCD  Takes values {skill, knowledge, competence}

8. LOD data model NameSizeDescriptionValue SpaceData typeObligationExample Identifier1A globally unique label that identifies the Reusable Learning Outcome (Knowledge, Skill and Competence). The Identifier is sufficient to reference the learning outcome definition in any other system. Similar to IEEE LOM, this element consists of two sub-elements, i.e. Catalog and Entry LongIdentifier (IEEE LOM) MCatalog: WUW Entry: “www.iCoper.org/LODTax/LOD_Id-1.A.1.a.1” Title1A single mandatory text label for the learning outcome. This is a short human-readable name for the learning outcome. The Title may be repeated in multiple languages. Each translation is represented by an instantiation of LangString type. The identifier provides the definitive reference to the learning outcome. The title element provides a convenient, alternative, readable form. LangString (IEEE LOM) M(“en”, "Principles of academic writing") (“de", “Grundlagen wissenschaftlichen Schreibens”) Description0..1A human readable description of the learning outcome. This is an optional unstructured (opaque) “text blob” meant to be interpretable only by humans. The Description may be repeated in multiple languages. LangString (IEEE LOM) R(“en“, “Students are able to explain the basic principles of academic writing”) (“de”, “Studierende sind in der Lage, die Grundlagen wissenschaftlichen Schreibens zu erklären”) Type0..1A label that captures the type of learning outcome described. According to the European Qualification Framework (EQF), Learning Outcomes are of three types: Knowledge, Skill and Competence. Similar to IEEE LOM, this element consists of two sub-elements, i.e. Source and Value knowledge, skill, competence Vocab. IEEE LOM R“knowledge”

9. LOD XML Instance ICOPER ACM/IEEE-CS:F5BF48AA40CAD7891EB709FCF1FDE128 IT and disciplines Explain the relationship between IT and related informing disciplines EQF knowledge LOD XSD

10. Thanks! More info at http://icoper.org