1.  Examine (elenchos) your values, society’s values, religious values, etc.  Accept the limits of human knowledge; use reason to discover the definition (logos) of each virtue and virtue itself; live well (eudaimonia). You are rich, respected, and feared, but how’s your soul?

2.  A virtue theory: virtues are character traits which promote the interests of the agent and her community. No Moderation makes Gia unhealthy and her closest community unhappy.  A self-interest theory: Wrongdoing harms the wrongdoer. Doing the right thing always promotes one’s interests.  A rationalist theory: virtue is acquired by rational reflection. All who understand the nature of justice, goodness, etc., will behave virtuously and live well. Careful thinking is the key to moral conduct.

3.  Terms like justice, beauty, unity, etc., refer to entities existing in a transcendent realm. Knowledge occurs only when the human mind/soul makes non-perceptual contact with these ideal, eternal objects. A Form is immutable, timeless, one over many, intellectually apprehensible, and capable of precise definition via dialectical inquiry.

4.  I. One over many: Universal properties shared by many particulars; many intelligent students; there is some single property that each has, intelligence.  II. Standards of measurement and appraisal: More or less equal, implies knowledge of Equality. More or less honest = closer to or further from perfect honesty.

5.  III. Definitions: Is compassion good? Requires definitions of compassion and good.  IV. Immutable things: Jill may be pale in winter and tan in summer, but pale can never become tan.  V. Timeless truths: truths about particulars are tensed, truths about universals and definitions are timeless.  VI. Intellectual knowledge: apprehension of general concepts is intellectual, not perceptual. Certainty.

8.  Objects States of mind  Intelligible The Good Intelligence or Knowledge realm Forms Mathematical Thinking objects ____________________________________________ realm of visible things belief/opinion appearance images imagining