2. HUMANISM THE IDEOLOGY OF THE RENAISSANCE

3. Study of Classical Greek & Roman Texts AND Early Christian Texts Religious Reform (Christian or Northern Humanism) Individualism Secularism Public Involvement (Civic Humanism) Educational Reform

4. WHY ITALY?

8. Vergil Pericles Cicero Plato Caesar Augustus

9. The Revival and Study of Antiquity?

10. Humanism Readings Letter to Livy Petrarch – The Father of Humanism!

11. Lorenzo Valla Italian Humanist Proved that “Donation of Constantine” granting the pope all of the Western Roman Empire was a FORGERY Although supposedly written in the 4 th century AD, the language used indicated that it came from the 8 th century AD

12. A Celebration of the Individual?

13. WHAT IS THE COMMON LINK?

14. Humanism Readings Oration on the Dignity of Man Pico della Mirandola

15. An Educational Reform Movement? Humanists sought to change education by … -Better preparing students for life (rhetoric, writing skills, moral example of ancients) -Urging men to be well-rounded, skilled in many things Humanists sought to change education by … Better teaching people how to live wise, worthwhile, happy lives Rhetoric Writing Morals Urging men to acquire talents in a wide range of activities (Renaissance Man)

16. WHAT IS ODD ABOUT THIS PICTURE?

17. Humanism Readings The Book of the Courtier Castiglione

18. A Call to Public Involvement & Action?

19. Civic Humanists believed that citizens should participate in public affairs and use their wisdom for the benefit of all.

20. Machiavelli & The Prince

21. Machiavelli Diplomat from Florence Sought to rid Italy of foreign invaders Wrote The Prince as a guide for how rulers could maintain power A realist – Concerned with how man really behaved, not with how he should behave Believed that man was a selfish creature,and that rulers had to take this into account Argued that rulers had to do whatever was necessary to protect their states, regardless of moral considerations Looked to Ancient Rome for examples of good leadership & institutions

22. Humanism Readings “The Fox and the Lion”

23. Humanism Readings “Willingness to Do Evil”

24. Humanism Readings “Whether it is Better To Be Loved than Feared”

26. A Campaign for Religious Reform?

27. Christian Humanists wanted to use Biblical teachings as a guide for moral living.

28. Erasmus Dutch Humanist Most famous work: Praise of Folly Highly critical of the church and corrupt clergy Believed church had lost sight of original purpose, becoming too focused on ceremony, wealth, & politics “Philosophy of Christ” – WWJD? Wrote a new version of New Testament correcting errors in Latin version (The Vulgate) Wanted to correct church from within, but “laid the egg that Luther hatched” “The Prince of Humanism”

29. Humanism Readings “Pope Julius II Excluded from Heaven”

30. Humanism Readings “The Philosophy of Christ”

31. FIN