2. Warm-up #6 Write at least four things you know about Islam and 2 things you’d like to have clarified in the want to know column. KnowWant to KnowLearn

3. First Review – write at least two new facts in the L column of your KWL Remember… Most Arab tribes were polytheistic before 600 A.D. They used idols (small statues) to represent them.

4. Mecca and the Kaaba Mecca was a small trading town built around the Kaaba Tribes kept idols to their gods in the Kaaba

5. Muhammad Muhammad had a difficult early life. He married a wealthy older women named Khadijah when he was 25. was 40 when the angel Gabriel came to him. He started preaching.

6. The message Muhammad would be God’s messenger. There’s one God, Allah. Continued beliefs in Old Testament prophets like Abraham and Moses. Just one God. Don’t like it? Too bad!

7. The Qur’an (Koran) “The Word of Allah” The Sunna “The Words and deeds of Muhammad” (includes the Five Pillars)

8. Five Pillars of Islam Set of 5 rules all Muslims must live by. Given by Muhammad in the Sunnah. Pair Share: What are the five pillars of faith?

9. Five Pillars of Islam Shahada – statement of faith. Salah- prayer (5 times daily, facing Mecca). Zakah – alms for the poor. Families often donate about 2.5% of their income. Siyam – Fast dawn to dusk during Ramadan. Hajj – travel to Mecca once in your lifetime and visit the Kabba. Pair Share: What are the five pillars of faith?

10. Government Islamic law is called the Shariah (shuh- REE-uh). Shariah judges the rightness of actions of communities and individuals. It is based on interpretations of the Qur’an and Sunnah.

11. Government It sets rewards for good behavior and punishments for crimes. It was the basis of laws until modern times.

12. Warm-up #8 How did Arab merchants spread Islam? How were the Muslims able to conquer the Persian and Byzantine empires?

13. How did Arab merchants spread Islam? When traveling to trade merchants shared Islamic customs and beliefs. How were the Muslims able to conquer the Persian and Byzantine empires? The Muslims had strong armies, and other empires’ armies were weak after years of fighting.

14. Islam Spreads Essential Question: How did Islam begin to spread? Cornell Notes!

15. I. Spreading Islam The ideas were not accepted peacefully. Muhammad was kicked out of Mecca for preaching there was one God. He went to Medina (Hajja) to build an army.

16. He returned to Mecca and fought for 3 years before conquering them and destroying their idols. The Muslims then went on to attack any tribe around them who would not change their religion. This continued for hundreds of years until they had created a huge empire.

17. II. First Four Caliphs After Muhammad died Muslims disagreed about who was his rightful successor. A. 632 Abu Bakr became the first caliph or “successor.” – His rule was unstable (clans abandoned Islam, refused to pay taxes, etc…) – Abu Bakr used military force to reunite Muslim control and conquer lands north in Syria & Iraq.

18. II. First Four Caliphs Cont… B. Umar (634-644) – Muhammad’s friend. – Suggested by Abu Bakr then elected as ruler. – Expanded into Syria, lower Egypt (Byzantine Empire), and Persian Empire. – Redesigned, government; paid soldiers; held a census; made taxes more fair; built roads and canals; aided poor

19. II. First Four Caliphs Cont … C. Uthman (644–656): – Muhammd’s son-in-law. – spread Islam into Afghanistan and eastern Mediterranean – organized a navy; improved the government; built more roads, bridges, and canals; distributed text of the Quran.

20. II. First Four Caliphs Cont… D. Ali (656–661): – Muhammad’s first cousin and son-in-law. – He was elected after Uthmad’s assassination. – Completed the conquest of Persia. – Reformed tax collection & government; spent most of caliphat battling Muawiya, the governor of Syria First Four Caliphs are called the “rightly guided caliphs” because used the Qur’an and Muhammad’s actions as a guide.

21. II. First Four Caliphs Cont … The rule of the First Four Caliphs is called the caliphate. By 661 the Muslim Empire had increased to four times its size and included all of Southwest Asia and stretched into North Africa.

22. .... PAIR SHARE: Three of the first four caliphs were assassinated. What does this tell you about the empire?

23. III. Umayyads 661-750 Islam splits into two groups (sometimes fight) – Sunni – accept the elections of the Umayyads are caliphs. – Shi’a – say only relatives of Muhammad are rightful rulers. Moved capital from Medina to Damascus. Unify by making a common language and common money. Took over Central Asia, northern India, Mediterranean, and North Africa. 711 invaded Spain and failed to conquer France in the Battle of Tours. Overthrown by the Abbasids.

24. IV. Abbasids Ruled 750 -1258 Took over eastern section of Muslim Empire from Umayyads. Used force and inclusion to maintain control. New capital at Baghdad. golden age of Muslim culture. Lost power due to internal revolts, poor government, and invasions by Turks and Mongols.

25. Homework Finish notes -Add upper level question and answer section -Summary -Main idea questions