1. Postulates Definition: An assumption that needs no explanation. Examples: Through any two points there is exactly one line. Through any three points, there is exactly one plane. A line contains at least two points. A plane contains at least three points.

2. Postulates If two planes intersect, then the intersecting is a line. If two points lie in a plane, then the line containing the two points lie in the same plane. Examples:

3. The Ruler Postulate The Ruler Postulate: Points on a line can be paired with the real numbers in such a way that: Any two chosen points can be paired with 0 and 1. The distance between any two points on a number line is the absolute value of the difference of the real numbers corresponding to the points. Formula: To find the distance between any two points, take the absolute value of the difference of the two coordinates a and b: │a – b │

4. Ruler Postulate : Example PK =| 3 - -2 | = 5 Remember : Distance is always positive Find the distance between P and K. Note: The coordinates are the numbers on the ruler or number line! The capital letters are the names of the points. Therefore, the coordinates of points P and K are 3 and -2 respectively. Substituting the coordinates in the formula │a – b │

5. Between Definition: X is between A and B if AX + XB = AB. AX + XB = ABAX + XB > AB

6. Segment Part of a line that consists of two points called the endpoints and all points between them. How to sketch: How to name: Definition: AB (without a symbol) means the length of the segment or the distance between points A and B.

7. The Segment Addition Postulate If C is between A and B, then AC + CB = AB. Postulate: Example: If AC = x, CB = 2x and AB = 12, then, find x, AC and CB. AC + CB = AB x + 2x = 12 3x = 12 x = 4 2x x 12 x = 4 AC = 4 CB = 8 Step 1: Draw a figure Step 2: Label fig. with given info. Step 3: Write an equation Step 4: Solve and find all the answers

8. Congruent Segments Definition: If numbers are equal the objects are congruent. AB: the segment AB ( an object ) AB: the distance from A to B ( a number ) Congruent segments can be marked with dashes. Correct notation: Incorrect notation: Segments with equal lengths. (congruent symbol: )

9. Midpoint A point that divides a segment into two congruent segments Definition: On a number line, the coordinate of the midpoint of a segment whose endpoints have coordinates a and b is. Formulas:

10. Midpoint on Number Line - Example Find the coordinate of the midpoint of the segment PK. Now find the midpoint on the number line.

11. Segment Bisector Any segment, line or plane that divides a segment into two congruent parts is called segment bisector. Definition:

12. Ray Definition: ( the symbol RA is read as “ray RA” ) How to sketch: How to name: RA : RA and all points Y such that A is between R and Y.

13. Opposite Rays Definition: ( Opposite rays must have the same “endpoint” ) opposite raysnot opposite rays If A is between X and Y, AX and AY are opposite rays.