1. FrontPage: NNIGN Homework: No homework

2. Muslim Expansion into India Dehli Sultans, Mongol Invasions, and the Mughal Empire

3. Empires of South Asia  During the period between about 300 BC and 1700 AD, many different rulers were able to unite parts of northern and southern India.  Also during that period, the subcontinent was invaded by several different groups that left an impression on the people of south Asia.

4. Empires of South Asia  Maurya Empire (321 BC) Chandragupta – first to unite N. India Asoka – harsh ruler at first; brings Maurya to height of power –Change of heart; converts to Buddhism –Spreads Buddhism throughout empire and elsewhere  Gupta Empire (AD 320) Chandragupta I – rules over “Golden Age” in Indian history –Advances in art, literature, mathematics –Concept of zero, “Arabic” numerals **One of India’s greatest leaders

6. Muslim Expansion into India  As the Gupta empire declines, Islam expands after its founding in the 600’s Invaders from the west, north attack India’s cities  Over time, Muslims push the borders of their empire deeper into south Asia In 1200’s, a strong Muslim leader named Mohammed Ghori conquers the capital city of Dehli and establishes the Delhi sultanate

7. Delhi Sultanate ( دلی سلطنت )  Refers to the various Muslim dynasties that ruled in India (1210–1526) Founded after Muhammad of Ghor defeated Prithvi Raj (an Indian king) and captured Delhi in 1192. Muhammad of GhorPrithvi Raj

8. A Clash of Beliefs  Muslims and Hindus did not accept each others’ beliefs Conflict was frequent during this period Muslims often destroyed Hindu holy places and statues  Muslim rulers did not force Hindus to convert But they had to pay a non-believer tax  Areas of difference? One God vs. Many Equality vs. caste system Koran vs. Vedas, other texts Cattle: Food vs. sacred

9. The Mongol Invasions  Mongols – Central Asian groups who invaded northern India after the decline of the sultanate  Tamerlane : Mongol ruler in 1398 destroys Delhi Kills or enslaves the entire population Leaves to conquer other lands  Babur : grandson of Tamerlane In 1526, returns to set up the Mughal empire

10. The Mughal Empire  Founded by Babur in 1526; lasts for more than 300 years At its height, united most of the people of south Asia  Under the Mughals, some cooperation and blending of Muslim/Hindu culture occurred Urdu – language mixing Persian and Hindi, written in Arabic

11. Key Ruler of the Mughal Empire Akbar (1556 – 1605)  Leader during “Golden Age” of Mughal empire  Religious toleration … Met regularly with other religious leaders Tries to create a new religion by combining the diverse faiths of the region – the “Divine Faith” Ends the destruction of Hindu holy places Marries a Hindu princess; appoints Hindus to places in government

12. Put these empires in the order in which they ruled/invaded India  Gupta  Mughal  Mongol  Muslim  Maurya

13. Review Place the leaders under the correct empire they ruled under  Akbar  Chandragupta  Shah Jahan  Asoka  Babur  Gupta  Maurya  Mughals

14. Identify two key differences between Muslims and Hindus…

15. Put these empires in the order in which they ruled/invaded India  Maurya – 300BC – 0AD  Gupta – 300AD – 1200AD  Muslim (the sultanate)– 1200-1500AD  Mongol invasion – 1400AD  Mughal – 1500AD

16. Review Place the leaders under the correct empire they ruled under  Gupta Chandragupta I  Maurya Chandragupta Asoka  Mughals Babur Shah Jahan Akbar

17. Identify two key differences between Muslims and Hindus…  One God vs. Many  Equality vs. caste system  Koran vs. Vedas, other texts  Cattle: Food vs. sacred

18. FrontPage: What is the most you’ve ever done for someone you love? Homework: No homework

19. The Taj Mahal A Monument to Love

23. The Story of Akbar, Shah Jahan and the Taj Mahal