1. MONGOL EMPIRE

2.  NOMADIC people from Central Asia  “STEPPE” – dry grasslands  Herders who lived In various clans

3.  Around 1200 – leader united Mongol clans  Name – TEMUJIN  He takes the title GENGHIS KHAN  Meaning “universal ruler”  Ruled for 21 years  Conquered Central Asia/China

4. *Mongols were skilled HORSEMAN & Fierce WARRIORS *Campaigns were often accompanied by wholesale massacres of the civilian populations *1227-Genghis Khan died - He was buried in an unmarked grave somewhere in Mongolia at an unknown location

5.  REASON FOR SUCCESS:  1. Brilliant Organizer  2. Gifted Strategist  3. Used Cruelty

6. http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of- us/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us-genghis-khan http://podtail.com/#!/podcast/stuff-you-missed-in-history-class/did- genghis-khan-really-kill-1-748-000-people/32329/http://podtail.com/#!/podcast/stuff-you-missed-in-history-class/did- genghis-khan-really-kill-1-748-000-people/32329/ (45 seconds) PODCAST: HISTORY CHANNEL: TIME WARP TRIO: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WDtiIh- PA2w&index=2&list=PLF0azKrwRG9_pCcYvY8iiB9kptZBKGbPY

7.  1227-Genghis Khan dies  3 rd son (OGEDEI) succeeds  Rules from 1228-1241  Succeeded by oldest son  (Guyuk – grandson of Genghis Khan)  Rules from 1246 -1248  Next ruler – Mongke  (another grandson of Genghis)  Rules from 1251-1259

8.  After death of Mongke  Empire is divided into 4 KHANATES  1. Golden Horde (Russia)  2. Ilkhanate (Persia)  3. Chagatai (Central Asia)  4. Great Khan (China)

10.  Ruler –Genghis’ Grandson – BATU KHAN  Mongols rule Russia for 200 years  Forced Russians to pay tribute  Allowed Russian culture to continue  Follow all usual CUSTOMS

11.  Allowed to keep RELIGIOUS Beliefs {as long as they made no attempts to REBEL}  Isolated Russia from rest of Europe  Ended in 1480 – Ivan III - CZAR

12.  Ruler -HULAGU KHAN – Genghis’ Grandson  Ended Golden Age of Islam  1258 -Sack of BAGHDAD  Destroyed House of Wisdom &Grand Library of Baghdad  Captured and killed the Abbasid Caliph  Later Mongols would convert to Islam

13.  Ruler –KUBLAI KHAN– Genghis’ grandson {officially ruler of ENTIRE empire}  Establishes YUAN DYNASTY in China  Controlled Mongolia, China, Korea  Died in 1294; Empire ends in 1368

14. 1. 1 st time in 300 years China UNITED 2.Only time China ruled by a FOREIGNER 3. Opens up China to FOREIGN trade 4. Did not change CULTURE *Restored/Extended GRAND CANAL *Helped increase foreign TRADE

15.  Period of stability under Mongol rule  Controlled Silk Road  Connected Eastern world with West  Eased Communication & Commerce  Allowed Chinese innovations to reach West

17.  Merchant from Venice, Italy  Stayed in China for 17 years  Travelled throughout China  Returned to Italy  Described Chinese society  Many question if he did go to China

18. http://podtail.com/#!/podcast/stuff-you-missed-in-history-class/who-was- marco-polo/32276/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8t_Vzeq5L3g

19.  Mongols tried to conquer JAPAN (1274 & 1281): Invasions failed - Mongols lost up to 75% of their troops and supplies both times on the ocean as a result of major storms  Kublai Khan died in 1294  Dynasty ended in 1368  Mongols replaced by MING dynasty

20.  Khanates ended at different times  Persians, Russians, Chinese overthrow Mongol rule  Weak rulers after Genghis’ grandsons