2. Propaganda: a how-to guide part one Mrs. Martyn Comp/Lit 10 - Jacques Driencourt Please take notes on the text and audio of all slides. There will be a QUIZ!!

3. Propaganda has been around for thousands of years. Coins were an early form of mass propaganda, using familiar symbols and figures to remind people of the power of both the state and individual rulers. Click here for audio. -> The pyramids of Egypt are some of the oldest monumental structures designed to symbolize the power and magnificence of individual rulers and dynasties.

4. Make an Impact Roman emperors erected imposing monuments to glorify their achievements, underline their authority and foster pride and loyalty across the empire. Trajan’s Column, which still stands in Rome, is a typical example, built in AD 113 to commemorate the emperor Trajan’s campaigns against the Dacians. Over 35 meters tall, its continuous frieze emphasizes Trajan’s personal role in securing victory. The column was originally crowned by a stature of the emperor in full armor. Trajan’s Column

5. Propaganda is Named The Catholic Church in 1622 first used the Latin word “propaganda” in a papal edict issued by Pope Gregory XV to refer to activities intended to influence beliefs, ideas, and behavior and spread the Catholic faith in non-Catholic countries.

6. Get in the right hands This unusual commemorative fan of 1789 links the well-being of the British nation with the health of the king with the phrase: ‘Health is restored to one, and happiness to millions.” George III had recently recovered from one of his recurring bouts of illness and the fan was issued as part of efforts to re-establish his authority.

7. An Emperor as he wished to be depicted This enormous portrait of Napoleon Bonaparte by Jean Baptise Borely was painted in 1813 to inspire loyalty and intimidate critics at a time when the emperor’s power was declining and France was besieged on all sides. It is filled with symbols that present Napoleon as the undisputed ruler of France. A year later, Napoleon was defeated and the painting was returned to the artist with the bill unpaid.

8. A Key to the Propaganda 01 Laurel Crown: celebrates Napoleon’s illustrious victories and links him with the Roman emperors for whom the laurel wreath was a symbol of military triumph. 02 Sceptre of Charlemagne: portrays Napoleon as the successor to Charlemagne (742- 814) who, like Napoleon, conquered much of France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, and the Netherlands. 03 Throne: leaves the viewer in no doubt that Napoleon remains the ruler of France.

9. A Key to the Propaganda 04 Globe and Hand of Justice: symbols of kingship and authority, which suggest Napoleon is a benevolent ruler. 05 Golden bees: symbols of immortality and emblems of the ancient kings of France. They give Napoleon’s reign symbolic legitimacy. 06 Coronation robes: inspire awe and show Napoleon as the rightful ruler of France.