1. Which geographic factor was most important to the development of the early river valley civilizations?
fertile soils
high mountains
vast deserts
smooth coastlines

2. One reason for the development of an early civilization in the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys was that
the location protected the people from land invasion
periodic flooding left rich soil, which was ideal for farming
these rivers provided a direct trade route between Europe and Asia
these rivers flowed into the Mediterranean Sea

3. Which characteristic did the early civilizations that developed along the Nile, the Tigris-Euphrates and the Huang He (Yellow River) have in common?
each society’s religious beliefs were based on monotheism
urban communities were built using iron and steel tools
the form of government in each community was based on male suffrage
transportation and communication were promoted by a mild climate, fertile soil, and natural water

4. Judaism, Islam, and Christianity share a belief in
the central authority of the Pope
a prohibition of the consumption of port
reincarnation and the Four Noble Truths
monotheism and ethical conduct

5. According to the teachings of Confucius, the key to the successful organization of society is that
the ruler should be chosen democratically
the evil in humans must be eliminated
ancestor worship should be discontinued
individuals should know and do what is expected of them

6. The teachings of Confucius encouraged people to
put their own interests first
reject government authority
believe in reincarnation
follow a code of moral conduct

7. The Buddhist religion teaches that salvation is earned by
following the Ten Commandments
worshiping Allah as the one true god
learning to give up selfish desire
being baptized and confirmed

8. Jewish religion and cultural identity has been greatly influenced by
Ramadan and the concept of reincarnation
the Torah and the Diaspora
the New Testament and the Four Noble Truths
the Koran and the code of bushido

9. In India, the Caste system determined a person’s occupation, personal associations, and marriage partner. This situation shows that the Caste system
has helped eliminate ethnic and religious rivalries
has promoted social mobility within Indian society
has been stronger in urban areas that in rural areas
has been a way of life as well as an element of religion

10. Mansa Musa’s journey to Mecca in the 1300’s is evidence that
the Crusades had a great influence on western Africa
most African leaders were educated in the Middle East
European culture was superior to the cultures of western Africa
Islam had a major influence on the Mali Empire

11. The Eightfold Path, the Four Noble Truths, and the concept of nirvana are associated with the religion of
Islam
Jainism
Shinto
Buddhism

12. Which values are most closely associated with the fundamental principles of Buddhism?
competition and financial success
maintaining the caste system and providing education for all people
practicing nonviolence and giving up worldly desires
self-determination and democracy

13. A belief of animism is that
after death the soul is reborn in another human form
holy wars must be fought to gain entry into heaven
meditation leads followers to nirvana
spirits of nature inhabit all living and nonliving object

14. One reason the cultures of North Africa developed differently from the cultures of the rest of Africa was that these areas of Africa were separated by the
Congo River Basin
Great Rift Valley
Sahara Desert
Arabian Sea

15. In China, the development of ethnocentrism was most influenced by
its historic reliance on foreign nations
a long history of democratic government
a strong belief in Christianity
its geographic isolation

16. Which generalization is characteristic of most traditional societies?
people move from city to city seeking new jobs
sons learn the same trades as their fathers
a high degree of social mobility exists
all people have the same economic opportunities

17. Recent archeological studies suggest the theory that
the earliest humans evolved in the Rift Valley in Africa
farming societies developed before hunting and gathering societies
all the continents were settled at about the same time
the wheel was used by all ancient societies

18. Geographic isolation of a people frequently reinforces
a traditional way of life
the development of scientific investigation
the need for higher education
a process of cultural diffusion

19. The study of culture primarily involves
observing the physical environment of people
learning why various peoples live as they do
understanding the technology of modern machinery
analyzing the personalities of children in the same family

20. Which activity is the best example of cultural diffusion in Africa?
weaving kente cloth in Ghana
using masks in traditional African ceremonies
discovering bronze sculptures from Benin
practicing of Islam in Nigeria

21. Before towns and cities can develop in a society, the society needs to establish
an educational system
an agricultural surplus
a writing system
a democratic government

22. One result of the Neolithic Revolution was
an increase in the number of nomadic tribes
a reliance on hunting and gathering for food
the establishment of villages and the rise of governments
a decrease in trade between cultural group

23. Which term is used to describe the spread of Buddhism from India through Southeast Asia?
ethnocentrism
isolation
imperialism
cultural diffusion

24. The Ancient Romans’ most significant contribution to Europe has been in the area of
economics
poetry
drama
law

25. The Ancient Athenians are credited with
inventing and using the wheel
eliminating slavery
establishing governments that had democratic elements
inventing the printing press

26. Which ancient civilization established the basis of western democracy?
Phoenician
Egyptian
Sumerian
Greek

27. The Ancient Greek city-state of Sparta
was primarily concerned with the health of their people
was a powerful military state
granted universal suffrage to their people
placed great emphasis on literature and the art

28. A major contribution of the Roman Republic to Western European culture was the
concept of government by laws
belief that political power should be controlled by the military
establishment of agricultural communes
rejection of the concept of slavery

29. An immediate result of the fall of the Roman Empire was
a renewed interest in education and the arts
a period of disorder and weak central government
an increase in trade and manufacturing
the growth of cities and dominance by the middle class

30. After the fall of Rome, the eastern portion of the Roman Empire became known as the
Persian Empire
Byzantine Empire
Mongol Empire
Gupta Empire

31. A major effect of the decline of the Roman Empire was that Western Europe
came under the control of the Muslims
was absorbed by the Byzantine Empire
returned to a republican form of government
entered a period of chaos and disorder

32. Alexander the Great’s conquests of Greece, Asia Minor, Egypt, and Persia led to the
spread of Hellenic culture
adoption of a feudal system
establishment of representative democracy
spread of Islamic culture throughout Euro

33. One similarity between Axum, Kush, and Nubia was that they were
military leaders in the Neolithic Age
rivers along which early trade developed
writers of epic poems about Greek cities
early civilizations in Africa

34. Which conclusion can be drawn from a study of the early civilizations of Axum, Kush, Mali and Songhai?
these African societies flourished at the same time
farming was more extensive in the Nile River Valley than it was in the Fertile Crescent
the Neolithic Revolution occurred in Africa
these societies had a long and rich history before their first contact with Europeans

35. One similarity between the Ancient African kingdoms of Egypt, Ghana, Mali and Songhai is that all of these kingdoms were located
in mountainous terrain
in coastal areas
on major trading routes
in rain forest area

36. One reason the ancient kingdoms in western Africa prospered was that they
were located along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
had no contact with the rest of the world
followed the Hindu beliefs of their rulers
developed extensive trade in gold, ivory, and salt

37. A similarity between the ancient western African kingdoms of Mali, Ghana, and Songhai is that these kingdoms
limited the power of their rulers
practiced Christianity
established economies based on trade
isolated themselves from contact with other cultures

38. Which Empire is referred to in the following quotation?
“Western Europe owed a debt of gratitude to the Empire that for almost a thousand years ensured the survival of Christianity during a time when Europe was too weak to accomplish the task.”
Hellenistic
Mongol
Byzantine
Ottoma

39. An influence that spread from the Byzantine Empire to Early Russia was the
Orthodox Christian religion
use of the Latin alphabet
beginning of democracy
factory system

40. Which empire introduced the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Cyrillic alphabet to Russia?
Mongol
Byzantine
British
Gupta

41. The adoption of the Eastern Orthodox religion and the Cyrillic alphabet by the Russian people occurred as a result of
territorial expansion during the reign of Catherine the Great
the westernization policies of Peter the Great
contact with Byzantine culture in the 10th century
the influence of the Crusaders during the Middle Ages

42. In the Ancient Kingdom of Mali and in the Roman Republic, an important feature of life was the development of
codified laws
social and political equality
the Islamic religion
agricultural communes

43. Which document is an example of a primary source?
a textbook on Russian history
an encyclopedia article on religions of the Middle East
a novel on the Age of Exploration
the diary of a survivor of a Nazi death camp

44. A dynasty means
succession of rulers from the same tribe
succession of rulers from the same family
succession of rulers from the same country
succession of rulers from the same continent

45. The concept of the Mandate of Heaven, as practiced in China, was used to justify every time
a new ruler was born
soldiers were sent off to fight invaders
to explain why China felt itself superior to the “barbarian west”
to justify rebellion and replacement of one ruler for another

46. In addition to providing water for Indian agriculture, the Ganges River remains important to India because it is
the only source of Indian hydroelectric power
a sacred river for the Hindu population
the birthplace of Hindu culture
an unofficial boundary between the Hindus and Muslims

47. Augustus began his rule during this period of time known as the “Roman Peace”
Medieval
Prehistory
Pax Romana
Neolithic Revolution

48. The Byzantine Empire came to an end in 1453 A. D
The Byzantine Empire came to an end in 1453 A.D. when the city of Constantinople fell to the
Germanic tribes
Ottoman Turks
Visigoths
Vandals