1. July 8, 2011

2. Financial Ratio Analysis Financial ratios combine different financial parameters. They are based on the financial data drawn from the balance sheet and the P&L account. Each ratio is studied both by itself and along with other ratios, in order to gain critical insights. Different ratios are used to analyse the different dimensions of a business.

3. TCS Financial Ratios ( 2009-10) 3

4. 4

5. Wipro Financial Ratios ( 2009-10) 5

6. Profitability ratios These ratios measure how profitable the business is with respect to sales and assets. 6

7. Gross Profit Margin = (Sales – Cost of Goods Sold) ÷ (Sales)

8. Operating profit margin (Gross Profit – SG&A - R&D ) ÷ (Sales) 8

9. Net Profit Margin = (Profit After Tax) ÷ (Sales)

10. Return on Assets = (Profit After Tax) ÷ (Total Assets)

11. Return on Investment (ROI) The return on investment is computed as under: ROI = [(PBIT) ÷ (Total Capital Employed)] = [(PBIT) ÷ (Shareholders’ Net Worth + Borrowings)]

12. Activity ratios These ratios measure how efficiently the assets of the business are being used. 12

13. Inventory Turnover Ratio = (Cost of Goods Sold) ÷ (Inventory)

14. Average Collection Period (Debtors Turnover) = (Debtors) ÷ (Average Daily Sales)

15. Capital Employed Turnover = (Sales) ÷ (Capital Employed)

16. Fixed Assets Turnover = (Sales) ÷ (Net Fixed Assets)

17. Liquidity Ratios These ratios measure to what extent the business has funds available to meet its obligations. 17

18. Current Ratio = (Current Assets) ÷ (Current Liabilities)

19. Quick Ratio or Acid Test Ratio = (Quick Assets) ÷ (Current Liabilities) Quick assets = Current assets - Inventory

20. Leverage ratios These ratios measure the extent of financial risk assumed by the business, ie the level of debt in relation to equity. 20

21. Debt-Equity Ratio = (Long Term Debt) ÷ (Shareholders’ Net Worth)

22. Total Debt to Total Capital Employed Ratio = (Total Debt) ÷ (Total Capital Employed)

23. Coverage ratios These ratios measure the availability of funds to meet various financial obligations. 23

24. Interest Coverage = (Profit Before Interest and Tax) ÷ (Interest Charges)

25. Dividend Cover = (Profit after Tax less Preference Dividend) ÷ (Equity Dividend)

26. Debt Service Coverage Ratio = (Profit Before Interest and Tax) ÷ (Loan Installments + Interest)

27. Shareholder Returns These ratios measure how well the shareholders are being rewarded by the company. 27

28. Return on Shareholders’ Net Worth = (Net Profit After Tax – Pref. Dividend) ÷ (Equity Shareholders’ Net Worth)

29. Earnings Per Share (EPS) = (Net Profit After Tax – Pref. Dividend) ÷ (Number of Equity Shares)

30. Dividend Per Share = (Dividends paid to Equity Shareholders) ÷ (Number of Equity Shares)

31. Dividend Pay-out Ratio = (Dividend per share) ÷ (Earnings per Share)

32. Dividend Yield = (Dividend per share) ÷ (Market Value per share)

33. Earnings Yield = (Earnings per share) ÷ (Market Value per share)

34. Valuation ratios These ratios are useful in arriving at a realistic valuation of the business. 34

35. Price/Earnings Ratio (P/E ratio) = (Market Value per Share) ÷ (Earnings per share)

36. Book Value per Share = (Net Worth – Preference Share Capital) ÷ (No of shares)

37. Market Price to Book Value = (Market Price per Share)÷ (Book Value per share)

38. Thank You 38