1. Unit 12 Oil Heat Components

2. OBJECTIVES List and describe the parts of a high pressure oil burner
After studying this Unit, the reader should be able to
List and describe the parts of a high pressure oil burner
Describe service procedures for oil burner components

3. GUN-TYPE OIL BURNER
Oil and air forced into burner for mixing and ignition
Burner motor provides power for the fan and fuel pump
Burner fan or blower – Forces air into the chamber
Fuel oil pumps – delivers oil to the chamber
Nozzle – atomizes oil prior to ignition
Air tube – delivers air to the chamber
Electrodes – provides spark for ignition
Ignition transformer / electronic igniters
Primary control unit – controls burner operation

4. OIL BURNER COMPONENT PARTS
Transformer
Motor
Blower
Blower Housing
Nozzle
Air Inlet Collar
Air Tube
Electrodes
Flexible Coupler
Fuel Pump
Mounting Flange
Static Disc
End Cone
OIL BURNER COMPONENT PARTS

5. BURNER MOTOR Split-phase fraction horsepower motor
Facilitates motion of the blower and fuel pump
Flexible coupler connects motor to the pump
Normal motor speeds are 1750 and 3450 rpm
Pump should always match the pump’s rpm

6. BURNER FAN OR BLOWER Squirrel cage blower
Has an adjustable air inlet opening
Fan forces air through the air tube to the combustion chamber
The air is mixed with atomized fuel in preparation for combustion

7. FUEL OIL PUMPS Can be either single or two-stage pumps
Pump has a built in pressure regulator
Pressure regulator can be adjusted
Oil pressures range from 100 psig to 140 psig
Single stage pumps are used when the oil tank is located above the burner
Two-stage pumps are used when oilis stored below the burner

8. NOZZLES Atomizes the fuel for combustion
Bore size determines the amount of oil used
Rated by spray pattern, flow rate and angle
Spray patterns: hollow, solid, or semi-solid cones
Flow rate is measured in gallons per hour
Spray angles range from 30 to 90 degrees
Always select the proper nozzle

9. THE NOZZLE Orifice Stainless Steel Orifice Disc
Brass Body
Sintered Filter
Screwpin
Stainless Steel Distributor
Stainless Steel Orifice Disc
Orifice

10. ELECTRODES Located within the air tube
Metal rods insulated with ceramic insulators
Electrode ends make contact with the transformer terminals
Provide a high voltage spark for ignition
Continuous or intermittent ignition

11. Air Tube
Static Disc
Electrodes
Ceramic Insulators
End Cone
Nozzle

12. IGNITION TRANSFORMERS & ELECTRONIC IGNITERS
Step-up transformers with 120-volt primary
Secondary voltage is 10,000 volts or more
Provides the high voltage to the electrodes
Cannot be serviced in the field
Spark can be checked in the field

13. HEAT EXCHANGER
Exchangers transfer the heat from combustion to the air that is circulated to heat the structure
Heat exchangers also separate flue gases from the air circulated to heat the structure
Heat exchangers should be inspected during normal service for cracks
Some states allow cracked heat exchangers to be welded, but most do not
Correct airflow is important across the heat exchanger

14. Unit Summary
The typical oil burner contains a motor, blower, fuel pump, nozzle, electrodes and primary control
Nozzles rated by flow rate, angle and spray pattern
Ignition transformers and electronic igniters provide the high voltage needed for spark ignition