1. Time Resolved FTIR Analysis of Combustion of an Ethanol/Isopropanol Mixture in a Commercial internal Combustion Engine Allen R. White, Bharat Yalamanchili Department of Mechanical Engineering Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Advanced Combustion Laboratory

2. Why Look at Combustion with an FTIR? Examine progression of chemical species during combustion Possibility of increasing combustion efficiency and reducing harmful emissions Show engineering students the utility of spectroscopy and physical chemistry Advanced Combustion Laboratory

3. Infrared Spectroscopy Interest for Automotive Purposes Advanced Combustion Laboratory 1942 Packard Ganske, Jane A. The Chemical Educator, Vol. 8 No.6 (2003)

4. Advanced Combustion Laboratory Experimental Setup

5. Advanced Combustion Laboratory Briggs & Stratton 181 cm 3 “flat head” Engine

6. Advanced Combustion Laboratory ZnSe Engine Optical Access

7. Experimental Setup Advanced Combustion Laboratory Figure 8: Megatech Mk III Visible Engine Modified with Sapphire Combustion Chamber Bruker Vertex 70 Engine Operation: ~3000 rpm 85% Etoh 9% IPA

8. Resolution: 1.0 1/cm 50 samples Advanced Combustion Laboratory Time Averaged Spectrum

9. Resolution: 0.5 1/cm 500 samples Advanced Combustion Laboratory Time Averaged Spectrum

10. Initial Infrared Step-Scan Data Advanced Combustion Laboratory 15 sample average 16 cm -1 Resolution Time Wavenumber Amplitude t=0 at ignition

11. Advanced Combustion Laboratory Initial Infrared Step-Scan Data: Time Slice CO 2 ?

12. Resolution: 0.5 1/cm 500 scans Advanced Combustion Laboratory Recall: Time Averaged Spectrum

13. Previous: Megatech Mk III Visible IC Engine Advanced Combustion Laboratory Figure 8: Megatech Mk III Visible Engine Modified with Sapphire Combustion Chamber Visible Spark Ignition Four-Cycle Internal Combustion Engine Fitted with Sapphire Combustion Chamber

14. Advanced Combustion Laboratory Previous: Megatech Engine Data with significant averaging (390 samples) 16 cm -1 Resolution t=0 at ignition

15. Advanced Combustion Laboratory Possible Cause?

16. Conclusions Advanced Combustion Laboratory Unclear relationship between time- resolved and time-averaged spectra Possible causes: Combustion variation due to engine type (flathead) Optical thickness of fuel on window Timing system error

17. Acknowledgements Independent Projects / Research Opportunities Program (IP/ROP) Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Dean’s Equipment Investment Fund Advanced Combustion Laboratory

18. Adjust to Exhaust Step-Scan Data Advanced Combustion Laboratory 15 sample average 16 cm -1 Resolution Time Wavenumber Amplitude t=0 at exhaust

19. Advanced Combustion Laboratory Adjust to Exhaust Step-Scan Data

20. Advanced Combustion Laboratory

21. Areas of Interest Advanced Combustion Laboratory Gasoline Combustion Spectra from 1942 Packard