1. Determination of Fuel Properties and Engine Performance of Ethanol/Gasoline Blends for Spark Ignition Engine Prepared by: Mathani Yusuf Hassan Mohammed Abd Elazeem Hussien Hind Izzeldin Osman Supervisor: Dr. Abd Elmutalib Fadel Almula

2. INTRODUCTION Food and energy demand, economic crisis, increasing threat to the environment from exhaust emissions and global warming have generated intense international interest in developing bio-fuel for engines

3. INTRODUCTION Sudan is an agricultural country with fertile land, plenty of water resources, livestock, forestry resources, and agricultural residues, Sugarcane is one of the main crops and its remains can be used in the production of the ethanol

4. Objectives To determine properties of ethanol alcohol/gasoline blends such as density, API gravity, viscosity, cloud point, flash and fire point, heat value and compare them with those of gasoline fuel. To determine Octane rating using Research Octane Number (RON) method of ethanol alcohol/gasoline blends and compare them with those of gasoline fuel.

5. Objectives To evaluate engine performance on Ethanol/Gasoline blends compared to gasoline fuel; performance parameters being: power output, engine torque, fuel consumption rate, specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency.

6. Materials Fuel blends Material Ethanol Alcohol (98.3%), KSC product obtained by ethanol factory. Gasoline (benzene). Tested Blends prepared by adding ethanol alcohol up to 25% to pure gasoline (No water phase separation).

7. Materials

8. Material Symbol No. Fuel 1 100%gasoline (reference fuel) Gasoline 2 90%gasoline +10% ethanol E10 3 85%gasoline +15% ethanol E15 4 80%gasoline +20% ethanol E20 5 75%gasoline +25% ethanol E25 Tested Fuels

9. Materials Fuel properties experiments were carried out in center petroleum laboratories and laboratories of Petroleum and Gas engineering department university of Khartoum.

10. Fuel Properties Determination Cannon-Fenske opaque viscometer Hydrometer

11. Pensky-Martens cup apparatus Cloud Point Test Apparatus

12. Recording Bomb Calorimeter Distillation device

13. Cooperative Fuels Research (CFR) Engine

14. Performance Test Unit Honda EMS 3000 Variable electrical loader

15. Tachometer Ammeter

16. Voltmeter Electric Balance (3 kg capacity)

17. Results

24. Engine test results

31. CONCLUSIONS Fuel properties of tested Ethanol/Gasoline blends such as density and viscosity increased continuously and linearly with increasing percentage of ethanol while API gravity and heat value decreased with decreasing percentage of ethanol increase. Furthermore, cloud point, flash and fire points were found to be higher than gasoline fuel.

32. CONCLUSIONS The tested blends Octane rating based Research Octane Number (RON) increased continuously and linearly with increasing percentage of ethanol.

33. CONCLUSIONS The tested blends developed higher power and fuel consumption rate with increase brake thermal efficiency. Ethanol fuels can be use as alternative fuel for gasoline engine up to 25% blends without engine modification.

34. RECOMMENDATIONS Comprehensive and extensive testing on fuel properties, engine performance and emissions of ethanol/gasoline blends on spark ignition engine should be tested for long time.

35. RECOMMENDATIONS Research and collaboration should be carried out in with sugar industry and GIAD motors regarding using ethanol as alternative for spark ignition engines.

36. Thank you