1. Youth Entrepreneurship Development in Conflict Affected Environments Programme Yes… Entrepreneurship! But Where To Begin? Vin Morar

2. Entrepreneurship Development: Actors, Instruments & Driving Forces ACTORS INSTRUMENTS DRIVING FORCES OBJECTIVES Private Sector Government Associations (Employer/Employee) Macro Meso Micro General Policy Framework Regulatory Framework Infrastructure Facilitating Institutions: Finance Facilitating Institutions: Business Support Services Technical & Management Skills Business Culture Business Development New Jobs Wealth Creation

3. General Policy Framework Policy for SSE development Policy co-ordination Macroeconomic environment Political situation Regulatory Framework Licensing/registration Taxes Commercial laws Infrastructure Industrial sites/Incubators Power Telecommunication Roads/rail Enabling Environment Facilitating Institutions: Finance Investment capital Working capital formal / informal financing Facilitating Institutions: Business Support Services Information Training & advice Technology Market linkages Technical & Mgmt Skills Business Culture Catalysts Entrepreneurship Development: Driving Forces

4. Entrepreneurship – A holistic development model CULTURE INITIATION DEVELOPMENT Time Start-Up Survival Growth Internationalisation Intrapreneurship STAKEHOLDERS Development agencies/Intermediaries/Researchers/ Policy makers/Trainers/Advisers/Government Regional National International Schools & Colleges Youths Graduates

5. SPARK develops higher education and entrepreneurship to empower young, ambitious people to lead their conflict affected societies into prosperity. Mission

6. National Training Laboratories Bethel, Maine, USA Audiovisual Methods in Teaching Dale Edgar, 1969, New York, USA Kinesthetic ENTERPRISE ACTIVE KNOWLEDGE RETENTION RATE LECTURE READING AUDIO-VISUAL DEMONSTRATION DISCUSSION GROUP PRACTICE BY DOING TEACH OTHERS/IMMEDIATE USE OF LEARNING 5% 10% 20% 30% 50% 75% 90%Didactic TRADITIONAL PASSIVE The Learning Pyramid and Enterprise Rationale for Enterprise

7. Enterprise Pedagogy Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle Stage 1 Having an experience Stage 2 Reviewing the experience Stage 3 Concluding from the experience Stage 4 Planning the next steps

8. Conclusions Given the challenges and uncertainties within conflict affected countries, Entrepreneurship development should begin by creating: a)An enabling environment via appropriate macro, meso and micro initiatives b)An enterprising culture via appropriate enterprise education pedagogies Yes… Entrepreneurship! But Where To Begin?