1. APPROACH TO ENERGY CONSCIOUS RETROFIT OF SLOVENIAN BUILDING STOCK Marjana ŠIJANEC ZAVRL ZRMK, Technological Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia

2. CLIMATE: 3200 DD ENERGY USE: Industry 29% Traffic 34% Other 37% (60% in residential sector) APARTMENTS: 700.000 households 50% in single-family houses 50% in apartment buildings (90% privatized) OLD BUILDINGS: built before 1980 ENERGY DEMAND: 350 - 115 kWh/m 2 a AV. ENERGY USE: 180 kWh/m 2 a GENERAL DATA

3. ERECTED BUILDINGS FROM 1966 - 1991 IN SLOVENIA

4. ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL IN BUILDINGS –technical: 60 % (windows 20 %) –economically viable: 29 % (PB < 10 y) low & medium cost measures envelope at major restoration –socially acceptable dependent on homeowner attitude and investment resources public opinion analysis 1995/96

5. SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL - public opinion analysis

6. SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL

7. …

8. INCENTIVES FOR HOUSING SECTOR 1996, 1997 grant subsidy scheme for low cost investment in 1996 (Ministry of Economic Affairs allocated the founds for the incentives for implementation of energy saving measures in 2800 households in Slovenia. :  loft insulation (in 355 households) - (2 EUR) 350 SIT/m 2 with max. (150 EUR) 28.000 SIT/household, i.e. aprox. cost of insulation material for unused attics in average building,  window tightening (in 944 households) - (2 EUR) 400 SIT/m’ of window frame with max. (50 EUR) 10.000 SIT/household, aprox. cost of window tightening in smaller apartment,  oil burner adjustment (in 1229 households).- (30 EUR) 5.500 SIT, i.e. cost of the service.

9. INCENTIVES FOR HOUSING SECTOR 1998 - 2002 grant subsidy scheme for medium cost investments - implementation of EE windows and glazing in existing and new houses –anticipated rate of window exchange in households: 21 % in 5 years …public opinion analysis aprox. 640.000 EUR of subsidies allocated to the households  EE windows and glazing (in 2985 households) - (average subsidy 200 EUR/household; i.e. 10-15% investment or the incremental investment in energy efficient glazing, average pay back 2 - 2.5 years  savings 11600 MWh/year, CO 2 reduction 2458 tons/year

10. SUBSIDISED WINDOW TECHNOLOGY FRAMES –U < 1.6 W/m2K GLAZING –U < 1.4 W/m2K OVERALL –U < 1.6 W/m2K (ISO/DIS 10077) LOW AIR PERMEABILITY –Class C (SIST 1018)

11. “QUALITY LABEL IN CIVIL ENGINEERING”  PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS  INTEGRAL SUSTAINABLE CRITERIA IN THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS  QUALITY OF SERVICE  PRODUCTION PROCESS

12.  SUPPORTING IDENTIFICATION OF EE WINDOWS  NATIONAL CHARACTER  NON-OBLIGATORY CERTIFICATION LABEL  EVALUATION SCHEME  PONDERED CRITERIA  RESULTS TRANSFORMED INTO POINTS

13. REGULATION on TI and EE of BUILDINGS 1875 – Bauordnung – Austrian Hungarian Empire – full brick outer wall 45 cm U max < 1.3 W/m 2 K 1970 - Regulation on min. tech. requirements for thermal insulation of buildings – outer wall U max < 1.3 W/m 2 K 1980 - JUS.U.J5.600 – outer wall U max < 0.8 W/m 2 K 1984 - spec. Heat loss of building Q’ max < 7+14fo W/m 3 (fo=A/V) recalculated in the form of EN 832: Q h < 65 + 55 fo kWh/m 2 a annual net heat use for space heating per unit net floor area of residential building

14. NEW (5/2002) REGULATION IN SLOVENIA CALCULATION METHOD SIST EN 832 Transmission and ventilation heat losses – criteria 2, 3 Solar gains + internal heat sources > useful gains Q h net heat use for space heating – criteron 1 CPD (89/106/EEC) ID6 Energy Economy and Heat Retention level 4+2+3 future: level 5 Directive “on energy performance of buildings” (2002/91/EC)

15. NEW REGULATION ON THERMAL INSULATION AND EE IN BUILDINGS (SINCE MAY 2002) 1st criterion - net heat use for space heating per net floor area Q h < 45 + 40 fo kWh/m 2 a savings: (-30%) Per year: 60.000 MWh/a less heat demand 12.000 ton/a less CO 2 emissions

16. ANNUAL HEAT DEMAND -30% Figure 3. Requirements concerning maximum heat demand for space heating per net floor area Qh/Au according to the new Slovene regulation on thermal insulation and energy efficiency in buildings, (May 2002), (comparison: upper line - recent Slovenian regulations. JUS U.J5.600, middle line - Germany WSVO 95, bottom line -according to the new regulation in Slovenia) NEW

17. MINIMUM REQUIREMENT FOR OVERALL ENVELOPE U VALUE (W/M2K) - 2nd CRITERION 0.66 0.33 0.92 LjubljanaKoperJesenice

18. Economic impact JUS.U.J5.600 for outer wall 5cm TI oz. U=0.7 W/m 2 K New regulation U=0.42 W/m 2 K difference 0.28 W/m 2 K compensated 3cm - 4cm TI Additional investment 20 do 35 EUR per m 2 facade For a single family house additional TI cost 200 to 500 EUR! savings 15 kWh/m 2 a, pay back 3-5 let

19. ENERGY LABELLING OF BUILDINGS non-obligatory scheme since 2002 SAVE 93/76/EEC Directive pilot project market priority state subsidies obligatory scheme 2002/91/EC Directive

23. ADR-ing, d.o.o., Ljubljana

24. OVERVIEW OF ACTIVITIES TOWARDS IMPROVED EE OF SLOVENIAN BUILDINGS concept of national program of EE rehabilitation of existing buildings (identification of energy saving potential) 1994-1996 energy advisory network ENSVET (advisory offices in municipality, advice for homeowners) since 1992 feasibility study for implementation of EE measures in housing - public opinion analysis on social acceptability 1995/96 incentives for EE investments in housing (grant subsidies scheme for loft insulation.., solar collectors, greenhouses, biomass boilers,..EE windows… - low and medium cost investments) 1996-2002 development of “Quality Mark in Buildings and C.E.” (“ZKG” - non-obligatory certification scheme for building products and services, i.e. EE windows) since 1997

25. preparation of new regulation for thermal insulation and EE in buildings (EN 832) 2001/2002 pilot project of energy certification/labelling of buildings (1999-2002) support to development of energy auditing scheme, education of auditors, development of the auditing market, subsidies for audited buildings, EE in municipalities (since 1997) link to energy certification of public buildings 2002/91/EC Directive revolving found for EE investments information, awareness: workshops, training, leaflets for AURE, brochures, exhibitions in Building Centre of Slovenia international co-operation: projects PHARE, JOULE-THERMIE, EUREKA, COST, SAVE, FP5, OPET Slovenia (since 1998)

27. ENERGY CERTIFICATE / LABELLING OF BUILDINGS – UPGRADES NEW EE REGULATION according to SAVE Dir. – document representing building energy indicators (heat demand indicators), ranking the building in one of seven classes according to the energy demand (A-G) –Aim – informing buyer and/or tenant of a house / apartment about the building energy indicators –connection to state subsidies for restoration of buildings

28. EVALUATED (SUSTAINABLE) CRITERIA:  measurable technical criteria  non-measurable technical criteria  environmental criteria  efficiency and quality of production processes  satisfaction of buyers  fulfilment of the company’s business plan  global impact on the society and environment

29. Energy labelling of appliances obligatory since Dec. 2001 promotion, information and awareness raising needed