1. GE Global Research Sustainable Energy “Technologies of the Future” Michael Idelchik Vice President Advanced Technology GE Global Research

2. 2 Energy technology objectives Driving cost of electricity down Efficiency Reliability Emissions EfficientDiverse nuclear coal gas wind oil geothermal biomass hydro solar nuclear coal gas wind oil geothermal biomass hydro solar + Future power systems more diverse, automated and integrated

3. 3 A future ripe with opportunities 1970 Coal/Oil Boiler & ST Gas (SCGT) Nuclear Today SCPC/Oil Boiler & ST Gas (SC, CC, Recip) Nuclear Wind Solar PV (Si) Gasification 2020 XSCPC Boiler & ST Gas (Recip, ACC) Nuclear (& Gen-IV) Wind (Multi-MW) Solar PV (Thin Films, Gen3) Gasification (& Bio) ? Energy Storage Solar Thermal How will the winning portfolio evolve?

4. 4 Gasifier Radiant Syngas Cooler Particulate Removal Mercury Removal Sulfur Removal Future CO 2 Capture Gas Turbine Electricity Transmission & Distribution Steam Turbine HRSG Cleaner coal Converts coal to synthesis gas … cleaned prior to burning Carbon capture and sequestration ready Driving industry, regulatory change for coal … need carbon policy R&D focus: - Reduce plant costs, increase efficiency - Enable cost-competitive CO 2 capture solution IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle)

5. 5 Combined cycle with supersonic heat release technology Fill Initiation Detonation Propagation Blowdown/ Expansion Purge Pressure increase during combustion Less cooling air required Unsteady flow into turbine 56% 58% 60% 62% 64% 1015202530 Compressor PR CC Efficiency Game-changer for efficiency

6. 6 Higher heat transfer Smaller size Anti-fouling Improved water wash Droplet shedding Moisture control CondensersSteam TurbinesCompressors Superhydrophobic coatings Game-changer for efficiency

7. 7 Solar photovoltaic Thin film cells Low cost solar grade Si High efficiency cells Generation III technologies Inverter & systems Targeting 15¢/kWh at the meter by 2015

8. 8 Detailed evaluation of solar components and power block integration Applicable with steam and gas turbines Storage and hybridization are unique elements to leverage Well-positioned for peak demand sector, RPS, and CO 2 credits Concentrated solar thermal Evaluating opportunities

9. 9 Technology for 1.5–5 MW wind turbines Next-generation blade >0.5 pt efficiency improvement >20% weight reduction >20% cost reduction Next-generation drive train 5% pts efficiency improvement 3 dB quieter Improved capacity factor at high wind Wind penetration could reach 20% worldwide by 2030

10. 10 Energy recovery from waste heat Jenbacher Engines Increase efficiency by 5% pts Potential 50+% efficient engine Geothermal & Solar 100 GW geothermal potential (MIT) * 200 GW solar potential * Industrial Waste Heat 900+ T BTU heat wasted (210-400°F) * $6B/yr energy wastes * Adds 20% power to MD/SC apps Significant retrofit opportunity Jenbacher & Gas TurbinesGeothermal 100°C200°C400°C500°C600°C Conventional Steam Cycles Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) 300°C Industrial Large GT Solar (* US only) Gas Turbine Efficiency & power and … retrofits

11. 11 Power Generation Generation Switchyard Transmission Substation Distribution Substation End User Common Information Backbone Meters & Demand-Side Management Wide-Area Awareness & Protection Distribution Automation Distributed Generation Integration Demand Side Management High- penetration Renewables Intelligent grid More performance from capacity-constrained infrastructure Improve grid operability, stability and robustness

12. 12 Energy storage 15 min 30 min 1 hr 5 hrs 1 kW10 kW100 kW1 MW10 MW Application Power Level Application Duration Regiona l Utility Grid Utility Frequency Reg & Wind/PV Firming Load Ramping UPS baseload renewables? Storage enables huge renewables penetration Fundamental change in peak/mid/base markets GEMx battery technology is scalable

13. 13 CO 2 Solvents CryogenicASU H 2, CO 2 Membranes CO 2 Solvents Membranes & EGR (NGCC) O 2 Membranes Natural Gas Coal First generation capture technologies still too expensive Membranes could play a key role in meeting cost targets CO 2 capture IGCC has an entitlement advantage

14. 14 Sequestration of CO 2 Saline formations - layers of porous rock saturated with brine Contain minerals that can react with injected CO 2 to form solid carbonates Estimated 120+ year capacity Leverages 30 years of EOR experience Source: DOE Target Cost Capture ($20) + transport ($5) + sequester ($5) = $30/ton

15. 15 Liquid fuel alternatives Key Features BiomassCellulosicStarch Economics Hydrocarbons may be preferred over ethanol Gasification enables more flexibility & efficiency in feedstocks Biomass co-firing gives option for “lower CO 2 ” electricity 17 15.7 15.5 18 Oil @ $65/bbl=15 $/MMBTU fuel Coal FermentationGasification CAPEX O&M Feed Stock C Tax ($/MMBTU) Gasification ideal path to “greener hydrocarbons”

16. 16 Game-changing technologies coming World energy portfolio will become more diverse, automated and integrated New opportunities and business models will result Looking ahead … … and the future is closer than we think