1. DNV GL © 2013 Feb 2015 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER DNV GL © 2013 Feb 2015 Tony Teo, Director Technology & Business Development MARITIME 1 Innovative Solutions for mitigating Air Emissions AGENDA  Background  LNG Fuel Solutions => Reduce CO 2, SOx, NOx & PM  ECO Solutions => Reduce CO 2  Conclude

2. DNV GL © 2013 Feb 2015 Existing, Planned & Proposed LNG bunkering infrastructure 2 Existing Planned Proposed Europe* Busan UAE Singapore Incheon Nanjing Wuhan Buenos Aires NewJersey Port Fourchon Quebec Tacoma Duluth Gaolan Hambantota Turkish strait & Marmara Sea Jacksonville Shanghai Zhoushan Santander Algeciras Cartagena Valencia Barcelona Ferrol Seattle Vancouver Mississippi river Qatar Tasmania Pyeongtaek

3. DNV GL © 2013 Feb 2015 Status of LNG Fuelled Vessels (Total 134) 3 Experience from 86%

4. DNV GL © 2013 Feb 2015 1. 2000: First Gas Engine Rules => (2009 IMO Interim Guidelines) 2. 2010: 7 LNG Fuelled Innovation Concepts 3. 2011:LNG Fuel Blog: http://blogs.dnv.com/lnghttp://blogs.dnv.com/lng 4. 2011: ISO TC 67 WG 10 =>(2015: ISO 18683) 5. 2012: LNG Bunkering Video (You Tube) 6. 2013: Recommended Practice Bunkering 7. 2013: LNG Competence Standard 8. 2013: Gas Ready Advisory Services (4 Phases) 9. 2014: Gas Ready Class Notation 10. 2014:LNG Fuel Solutions Groups (6 locations worldwide) 4 No.YEARSTANDARDS and INITIATIVES Innovative Solutions with Standards & Guidelines Ship DesignOperations Bunkering 2012 Lloyd’s List Global Award

5. DNV GL © 2013 Feb 2015 Safe Bunkering enables LNG fuel usage => Cleaner Air Emissions 5 2011: ISO TC67 WG10 ISO R eq uirement: 5 countries => 15 Countries & more than 30 participants Oct 2013: Bunkering Recommended Practice Jan 2015, ISO 18683 Internationally recognized Document

6. DNV GL © 2013 Feb 2015 ISO 18683: 2015 Standard 6 High level document => main principles & functional requirements for LNG Bunkering Define procedures => design, install, operate bunkering facility Promote standardization of operational & hardware systems and interface between LNG Supplier and Ship Provide guidance on Risk Assessment Guidelines for supply of LNG as fuel to ships

7. DNV GL © 2013 Feb 2015 Risk Assessment: Probabilistic vs Consequence approach 7 Consequence low high Frequency high low C C C RISK Consequence Based (deterministic approach)  Analyses worst imagined scenarios  Investment & decisions based on “worst”  Mitigation towards “worst” consequence only  Expensive to implement ($$$$) Risk (probabilistic approach)  Incorporates event likelihood  Prioritizes events by risk  Mitigation measures are based on both Likelihood and Consequence: using UK HSE Hydrocarbon data. adopted in Norway, Belgium, Sweden Bunkering Facilities SIMOP is not possible

8. DNV GL © 2013 Feb 2015 8 ECO Lines - Hull lines optimization: Optimized hull form to suit the operational profile and improve in fuel efficiency. ECO Retrofit - Focus on 4 specific areas Bow form Engine and auxiliary systems Propeller – best suited type Propulsion Improving Devices (PIDs) and appendages ECO Insight – Fleet performance management based on analysis of operational data onboard Fuel Efficiency => Fuel Savings => Less Air Emissions ECO Assistant - Trim optimization: User-friendly software with no sensors, no wires – just install and save fuel. 2012 Lloyd’s List Asia Award for Environment

9. DNV GL © 2013 Feb 2015 Innovative Solutions to mitigate Air Emissions 9 1. 2000: First Gas Engine Rules (IMO Standard) 2. 2010: 7 LNG Fuelled Innovation Concepts 3. 2011:LNG Fuel Blog: http://blogs.dnv.com/lnghttp://blogs.dnv.com/lng 4. 2011: ISO TC 67 WG 10 (2015: ISO 18683) 5. 2012: LNG Bunkering Video (You Tube) 6. 2013: Recommended Practice Bunkering (ISO Standard) 7. 2013: LNG Competence Standard 8. 2013: Gas Ready Advisory Services (4 Phases) 9. 2014: Gas Ready Class Notation 10. 2014:LNG Fuel Solutions Groups (6 locations worldwide) LNG Fuel Solutions For improved Energy Efficiency: ECO - Assistant - Lines - Retrofit - Insight ECO Solutions

10. DNV GL © 2013 Feb 2015 Conclusion 10 « Logic will get you from A to B… Innovation will get you anywhere, including mitigating Air Emissions »

11. DNV GL © 2013 Feb 2015 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER www.dnvgl.com 11 Contact: Tony Teo Tony.Teo@dnvgl.com RegionLocation Americas: Houston Norway: Olso Europe: Hamburg Middle East: Dubai Asia Pacific: Singapore China: Shanghai LNG Fuel Solutions Groups