1. San Francisco Geological Study By Emily Williams Victoria Hogg

2. Fault Lines of San Francisco 7 named fault lines. Large probability around Bay area. Major earthquakes in the past. 60% chance of a damaging earthquake in the next 30 years. http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/2005/15/

3. Damage during Earthquakes… Shaking - Magnitude - Duration - Distance Type of soil Land sliding Liquefaction Type of building Although miles from the fault, many San Francisco's streets were rippled and torn. Shown here is a crack near 18th Street looking east to Folsom Street in San Francisco. http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/info/1906/soil.html

4. Geology Complex Geology. Iron & Magnesium formed deep in the earth brought to the surface. Sand & gravel deposits from streams and rivers. Reclaimed Land. Constant movement because of San Andreas fault.

5. Where does damage occur? http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/2005/15/ http://www.nps.gov/prsf/geology/geomap.htm

6. Landslides & Liquefaction http://geology.about.com/library/weekly/aa120300a.htm

7. Engineering Issues Foundation Soft story Renovation of old buildings - Retrofit Engineering Design Design codes Monitoring buildings & bridges Location of construction

8. Conclusion Improvements: Knowledge Materials Technology Engineering Probability problem