1. Aphids, scale, whitefly, mealybug… HOMOPTERA

2.  http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/r73530 0511.html http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/r73530 0511.html http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/r73530 0511.html

3. HOMOPTERA  Homo: same  Ptera: wings  Incomplete  Piercing-sucking mouthparts  2 pair or wingless  Wings held "roof-like"

4. HOMOPTERA  Produce honeydew and sooty mold  Ants feed on honeydew and protect insects

5. HOMOPTERA  Parthenogenic: asexual reproduction  Viviparous: live birth  Winged aphids disperse in spring and late summer

6. APHIDS (103)  Over 200 species, often host specific  Cornicles (tailpipes), function unclear

7. APHIDS (103)  Stem mother produces colony  All females

8. APHIDS (103) HOSTS  Herbaceous plants (vector disease), river birch, tuliptree, crapemyrtle, pyracantha…  New growth

9. APHIDS (103) DAMAGE  Bleaching and distorting  Sticky foliage and sooty mold

10. APHIDS (103) MONITORING  Visual, spring to early summer  Honeydew, sooty mold

14. APHIDS (103) CONTROL  Avoid broad-spectrum insecticides  Disrupts beneficial insects  Ladybeetles, mealybug destroyer, lacewing, wasps

15. APHIDS (103) CONTROL  Predator insects

16. APHIDS (103) CONTROL  Predator insects

17. APHIDS (103) CONTROL  Predator insects

18. APHIDS (103) CONTROL  Predator insects

19. APHIDS (103) CONTROL  Predator insects

20. APHIDS (103) CONTROL  Predator insects

21. APHIDS (103) CONTROL  Observe "mummies“  Parasitized aphids

26. APHIDS (103) CONTROL  Control ants with sticky barriers

27. APHIDS (103) CONTROL  Oil and soaps  Prune out

28. MEALYBUGS (126)  Technically a type of scale  Cottony mass on host

29. MEALYBUGS (114)

31. DAMAGE  Feeds all over plant  Honeydew

32. MEALYBUGS (114) DAMAGE  Stunts, distorts, and yellow

33. MEALYBUGS (114) CONTROL  Oil and soap  Mealybug destroyer  Wash foliage with bleach solution

40. Mealybug Destroyer

41. HOPPERS  LEAFHOPPERS (148)  PLANTHOPPERS (151)  TREEHOPPERS (151)

42. HOPPERS LEAFHOPPERS (148)

43. HOPPERS

44. HOPPERS PLANTHOPPERS (151)

45. HOPPERS

46. HOPPERS

47. HOPPERS TREEHOPPERS (151)

48. HOPPERS HOST  Woody plants…

51. LEAFHOPPER  Controlled by naturally occurring fungus

52. HOPPERS DAMAGE  Sucking damage  "hopper burn" from toxins during feeding  Rarely threatens hosts health  Honeydew

53. SPITTLEBUGS (151) Nymph: soft 1/4" hidden in "spit"

54. SPITTLEBUGS (151) Adults emerge from "spit"

55. SPITTLEBUGS (151) HOST  Turf and ornamental grasses

56. SPITTLEBUGS (151) HOST  Perennials (cosmos) and woody plants (Rosemary)

59. SPITTLEBUGS (151) DAMAGE  Distort and dieback

60. SPITTLEBUGS (151) MONITOR  Visual spit in June  Adults active in July

61. SPITTLEBUGS (151) CONTROL  Wash off  Prune out infestations

62. WHITEFLIES (124)  Adult: small "moth"

63. WHITEFLIES (124)  Nymph: scale-like

64. WHITEFLIES (124)  Crawlers hatch and insert mouthpart  Stay until adult  Last instar is an inactive pupa (not true pupa)

65. WHITEFLIES (124) HOST  Gardenia, privets, other woody shrubs  Greenhouse pest  Feed underside of foliage

66. WHITEFLIES (124) DAMAGE  Leaf drop  Sooty mold

67. WHITEFLIES (124) MONITOR  Yellow sticky cards

68. WHITEFLIES (124) CONTROL  Oil and soap

69. WHITEFLIES (124) CONTROL  Encarsia formosa and other beneficials

70. WHITEFLIES (124) CONTROL  Encarsia formosa

71. WHITEFLIES (124) CONTROL  Other predators

72. SCALE (145)  Males: don't feed, live only few hours  Female: oval and wingless  Eggs laid under shell

73. SCALE (145)  "Crawlers" hatch, move along branch or via wind  Insert mouthpart and feed

79. SCALE (145) Armored scale: secrete waxy covering  Covering can be removed  Never move  Do not produce honeydew

80. SCALE (145) Armor Scale Euonymus scale

81. SCALE (145) Armor Scale Pine scale

82. SCALE (145) Armor Scale Camellia scale

83. SCALE (145) Armor Scale San Jose scale

84. SCALE (145) Armor Scale Oystershell scale

85. SCALE (145) Soft scale  Covering is actual body  Can move around  Produce honeydew and sooty mold

86. SCALE (145) Soft scale Cottony Cushion Scale

87. SCALE (145) Soft scale Wax Scale

88. SCALE (145) Soft scale Oak scale

89. SCALE (145) DAMAGE  Weaken plant  Water stress  Kill branches

90. SCALE (145) MONITORING  Crawlers in the spring  Double sticky tape  Looks like pollen  Spray at sharp increase

91. SCALE (145) MONITORING  Pheromone traps and degree-day models for San Jose  Observe parasitized scale

96. Cycad scale

98. SCALE (145) CONTROL  Twice stabbed ladybeetle, parasitic wasps…  Oils in winter, spring, or summer