1. OLES Body Armor Standards and Testing Technical Workshop

2. Workshop Breakout Sessions General Testing IssuesGeneral Testing Issues Ensuring Service Life PerformanceEnsuring Service Life Performance Tom Frazier Facilitator President, The Frazier Group Kirk Rice Technical Lead Program Manager, Office of Law Enforcement Standards National Institute of Standards and Technology Conformity Assessment ProgramConformity Assessment Program General Testing IssuesGeneral Testing Issues Ensuring Service Life PerformanceEnsuring Service Life Performance Tom Frazier Facilitator President, The Frazier Group Kirk Rice Technical Lead Program Manager, Office of Law Enforcement Standards National Institute of Standards and Technology Conformity Assessment ProgramConformity Assessment Program

3. What About Used Armor Performance? Mechanical Damage: − Routine “wear and tear,” flexing, abrasion, etc. Other Environmental Damage: − Hydrolytic, photolytic attack − Chemical processes may be accelerated by temperature Key Challenge: − How to assess ballistic performance Mechanical Damage: − Routine “wear and tear,” flexing, abrasion, etc. Other Environmental Damage: − Hydrolytic, photolytic attack − Chemical processes may be accelerated by temperature Key Challenge: − How to assess ballistic performance

4. Vest penetrations could occur because of: − Threat mismatches − Variations within common threat class (harder alloys, thicker jackets, steel jackets, etc.) − Shot locations…near edges, close together, etc. − Changes in armor performance (loss due to environmental factors, including normal “wear and tear”) − Variations in armor performance due to lot-to-lot production variations Vest penetrations could occur because of: − Threat mismatches − Variations within common threat class (harder alloys, thicker jackets, steel jackets, etc.) − Shot locations…near edges, close together, etc. − Changes in armor performance (loss due to environmental factors, including normal “wear and tear”) − Variations in armor performance due to lot-to-lot production variations Vest Penetration Causes

5. Ensuring Service Life Performance Expectations of used armorExpectations of used armor Test Conditions, Test Methods, and Data AnalysisTest Conditions, Test Methods, and Data Analysis Simulating the “Aged” Condition on New ArmorSimulating the “Aged” Condition on New Armor Non-Destructive Test MethodsNon-Destructive Test Methods Sensors/Tests to Determine Damage or AbuseSensors/Tests to Determine Damage or Abuse Expectations of used armorExpectations of used armor Test Conditions, Test Methods, and Data AnalysisTest Conditions, Test Methods, and Data Analysis Simulating the “Aged” Condition on New ArmorSimulating the “Aged” Condition on New Armor Non-Destructive Test MethodsNon-Destructive Test Methods Sensors/Tests to Determine Damage or AbuseSensors/Tests to Determine Damage or Abuse Specific Recommendations ~ Ideas ~ Help

6. Ensuring Service Life Performance Interim requirementsInterim requirements Various potential approaches depending on tests conducted, designs, history, and engineering analysis Various potential approaches depending on tests conducted, designs, history, and engineering analysis Forward-looking requirementsForward-looking requirements Defining “standardized” environmental exposure protocols Defining “standardized” environmental exposure protocols Establishing post-exposure performance-based tests Establishing post-exposure performance-based tests Interim requirementsInterim requirements Various potential approaches depending on tests conducted, designs, history, and engineering analysis Various potential approaches depending on tests conducted, designs, history, and engineering analysis Forward-looking requirementsForward-looking requirements Defining “standardized” environmental exposure protocols Defining “standardized” environmental exposure protocols Establishing post-exposure performance-based tests Establishing post-exposure performance-based tests Expectations of used armor

7. Ensuring Service Life Performance Experiences with used armor assessmentsExperiences with used armor assessments Penetration Tests Penetration Tests Backface Signature Tests Backface Signature Tests V50 Tests V50 Tests Other Tests Other Tests Test conditions to challenge potential vulnerabilitiesTest conditions to challenge potential vulnerabilities Data analysis methodsData analysis methods Experiences with used armor assessmentsExperiences with used armor assessments Penetration Tests Penetration Tests Backface Signature Tests Backface Signature Tests V50 Tests V50 Tests Other Tests Other Tests Test conditions to challenge potential vulnerabilitiesTest conditions to challenge potential vulnerabilities Data analysis methodsData analysis methods Test Conditions, Test Methods, and Data Analysis I

8. Ensuring Service Life Performance A common framework for discussing armor ballistic performance is neededA common framework for discussing armor ballistic performance is needed Approach should be based on objective methods and have a statistical basisApproach should be based on objective methods and have a statistical basis “…to limit the risk of accepting bad armor as well as the risk of rejecting good armor.”“…to limit the risk of accepting bad armor as well as the risk of rejecting good armor.” A common framework for discussing armor ballistic performance is neededA common framework for discussing armor ballistic performance is needed Approach should be based on objective methods and have a statistical basisApproach should be based on objective methods and have a statistical basis “…to limit the risk of accepting bad armor as well as the risk of rejecting good armor.”“…to limit the risk of accepting bad armor as well as the risk of rejecting good armor.” OTA Report, Vol. II, p. 107 Test Conditions, Test Methods, and Data Analysis II

9. Ensuring Service Life Performance Experiences with artificial aging methodsExperiences with artificial aging methods Changes in armorChanges in armor Mechanical damage Mechanical damage Structural integrity Structural integrity Chemical changes Chemical changes Identify promising artificial-aging approachesIdentify promising artificial-aging approaches Discuss how to best utilize “used armor” test resultsDiscuss how to best utilize “used armor” test results Experiences with artificial aging methodsExperiences with artificial aging methods Changes in armorChanges in armor Mechanical damage Mechanical damage Structural integrity Structural integrity Chemical changes Chemical changes Identify promising artificial-aging approachesIdentify promising artificial-aging approaches Discuss how to best utilize “used armor” test resultsDiscuss how to best utilize “used armor” test results Simulating the “Aged” Condition on New Armor Mechanical properties Mechanical properties Ballistic performance Ballistic performance Mechanical properties Mechanical properties Ballistic performance Ballistic performance

10. Ensuring Service Life Performance Experiences with promising technologiesExperiences with promising technologies Applications of technologies to identifying changes in armorApplications of technologies to identifying changes in armor Discussion of strengths and weaknesses of technologiesDiscussion of strengths and weaknesses of technologies Experiences with promising technologiesExperiences with promising technologies Applications of technologies to identifying changes in armorApplications of technologies to identifying changes in armor Discussion of strengths and weaknesses of technologiesDiscussion of strengths and weaknesses of technologies Non-Destructive Test Methods Sensors/Tests to Determine Damage or Abuse Non-Destructive Test Methods Sensors/Tests to Determine Damage or Abuse