1. Cancer -uncontrollable or abnormal growth of abnormal cells.  *1st leading cause of death is a heart attack  *Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death among adults   *Between 5-10% of cancers are hereditary.

2. Tumor - abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body.  Types of Tumors:  Benign tumors- non cancerous, grow slowly surrounded by a membrane preventing them to spread from site.  Benign can be dangerous only if it interferes with normal body functions.  Ex (Brain tumor- can block blood flow.)  Malignant- cancerous, spreads through body.

3. Vocabulary Words…  Metastasis- The spread of cancer from the point where it originated to the other parts of the body.  Carcinogen- a cancer causing substance (ex: cigarette smoke, ultraviolet light-tanning)  60% of all cancers can be prevented through lifestyle choices.  Tobacco use- major cause of cancer deaths in the US and the most preventable.  Nearly 1 in 5 deaths are due to smoking or exposure to Second hand smoke.

4. Types of cancer:  Lymphomas- cancers of the immune system.  Leukemias- cancers of the blood-forming organs.  Carcinomas- cancer of the glands and the body linings (skin and the linings of digestive tract and lungs) (skin and the linings of digestive tract and lungs)  Sarcomas- cancers of connective tissues  (bones, ligaments, and muscles)  Reproduction Cancer- * Prostate > Males(50^) * Testicular> Males( 15-34) * Testicular> Males( 15-34) * Cervical>Women(15-20) * Breast>Women( 40^)

5. Types of Cancer Cancer Factors Symptoms Screening Skin-most common Ultraviolet rays Tanning beds Mole or freckle that changes, or discharge Biopsies Breast- 2nd leadind cause of death for women Obesity, alcohol, physical inactivity, genetic factors Unusual lump, changes in shape MammogramSelf-exam Prostate- 2nd leading cause for me and most common in men over 55yrs High fat diet,Hereditary Painful urination, blood in urine or semen Blood test Lung- leading cause of death in the U.S. in both genders. Cigarettes No initial symptoms. Later- coughing and shortness of breath Chest x-ray Cervix-15,000 per yr History of infection w/ HPV(human papillonavirus) Later- abnormal vaginal bleeding Pap smear Testicle- Most common for younger men b/c of higher levels of testosterone Family history of testicular cancer Small, hard painless lumps on testicle. Pain between scrotum & anus Self-exam

6. Diagnosing Cancer:  Regular physical exams, going once a year to Doctor  Self-exams once a month  Be familiar w/ your own body

7. Warning signs:  Change in Bowel  A sore that doesn’t heal  Unusual bleeding or discharge  Thickening Lump  Indigestion trouble swalowing  Obvious change in wart or mole  Nagging cough or hoarseness

8. Prevention  Know you health history  Do self exams  Avoid sunburn  Check ups  Don’t smoke & exercise regularly

9. Treatments:  Surgery- is the standard method of removing tumors or affected area.  Radiation- uses energy from radium that can pinpoint and penetrate a tumor. The energy destroys the tumor by damaging DNA inside cell nuclei. This is usually done in an area that is an awkward place( head, neck)  Risk: Radiation damages the normal cells in it’s path.  Chemotherapy- use of anticancer medications to treat cancer. They are administered through IV injection and only attack the abnormal cells.  Hormone Therapy- when specific hormones are injected into the patient to prevent abnormal cells from being able to reproduce and continue to grow.