1. Optimizing Backhaul for Picocells in 4G Networks Amir Makleff President and CEO BridgeWave Communications

2. 2 Cell Size Evolution © BridgeWave Communications www.bridgewave.com | 1-866-577-6908 2  Distances and bit rates are still being debated  The general trend of higher bit rates/shorter distances is widely recognized

3. Small Cell Drivers  Macro Network Holes  Network holes between Macro Base Stations, originate from geography, building layout or legacy network planning  These “holes” yield slow data rates and dropped calls  Solution:  Pinpoint deployment of picocells in the middle of the Macro holes, to light up hard to reach strategic locations.

4. Small Cell Backhaul Challenges  Dense urban areas  Large number of nodes to achieve coverage  Different types of nodes in a variety of locations:  In buildings  Roof tops  Street-level  Light or utility poles  High capacity  Propagation in urban canyons  Aesthetic fit (inconspicuous)  Cost-effective

5. 5 Small Cell Backhaul Requirements  Low cost of equipment + installation  Low Opex/recurrent fees (e.g. license)  Small deployed footprint  Aesthetic fit in urban environments  Bit rates expandable up to 1 Gbps  To support mesh and daisy chaining  Short deployment lead time © BridgeWave Communications www.bridgewave.com | 1-866-577-6908 5

6. Millimeter Wave Backhaul  Point-to-point millimeter wave radios have some unique advantages for mobile backhaul:  Abundance of spectrum  High capacities  Attractive licensing & highly-directive transmission  Natural immunity to interference  High frequency reuse  Minimal frequency planning  Short wavelength  Small size of hardware and integrated solutions  Quick deployment  Low CapEx / OpEx

7. mmW Spectrum  A relatively recent addition to fixed PTP frequencies:  V-band (“60GHz”) 7GHz (57-64GHz)  Unlicensed (e.g., USA, UK)  E-band (“80GHz”) 10GHz (71-76GHz and 81-86GHz)  Light-licensing (e.g., USA, UK)  Full licensing (e.g., Germany, Ireland)

8. mmW Propagation  60GHz:  Absorption of O 2 ~14dB/Km  Also rain  1-2Km for 1Gbps links @5’9s  80GHz:  Rain  2-4Km for 1Gbps links @5’9s  Neither is impacted by:  Multipath fading due to narrow beams and relatively short links  Fog (<0.4dB/Km) 60 GHz Excessive rain 150mm/h Heavy rain 25mm/h Fog 80 GHz Drizzle 0.25mm/h

9. mmW Directivity  High gain and narrow beam-width achieved with small antennas  Typical examples:  Implications:  Security  Low probability of detection (LPD)  Low probability of intercept (LPI)  High interference immunity  High frequency reuse  “No” multipath 60GHz 5mm 12cm antenna  3dB / G A  1.0  / 35dBi 25cm antenna  3dB / G A  0.5  / 40dBi 5.8 GHz = 1,140’ wide @ 1 mi 60 GHz = 128’ wide @ 1 mi

10. mmW Frequency Reuse  Frequency reuse facilitated by:  Narrow beam width  Oxygen absorption at 60GHz.  At 60GHz, an infinite linear cascading of links may be achieved using only one pair of FDD frequencies and 2 polarizations:  E.g., d=300m -> u=1500m -> CCI -20dB

11. The Aesthetics Challenge  Traditional direct mount and parabolic antennas are OK for rooftop / mast deployment  Street-level deployment requires a different approach:  Aesthetic  Concealed / disguised  Small footprint

12. Concept Testing  Tier-1 carrier field trial over several months

13. mmW Backhaul for Small Cell - Revisited  Excellent scalability  Scalable capacity >1Gbps  Distance scalable from picocell to macrocell backhaul  Fast and simple deployment  Good frequency reuse  Good interference immunity  Minimal frequency planning  Good fit for urban environment  Aesthetic, “concealed” solution  Small footprint  Low Cost  Low Total Cost of Ownership per bps  Minimal OpEx and recurring fees (e.g. license)  Challenges  Limited applicability in rural environments and other long-link scenarios

14. 14 Conclusions  Small cell backhaul requires a combination of multiple solutions: “Backhaul Toolbox”  Including fiber, microwave, millimeter wave, etc.  Millimeter Wave radios offer distinct advantages for small cell backhaul:  High capacity links  Abundance of spectrum  Good urban fit  Fast and inexpensive deployment  60GHz solutions ideal for small cell deployments and is a proven technology for similar applications © BridgeWave Communicationswww.bridgewave.com | 1-866-577-6908 1-408-567-6900

15. Sales: 1-866-577-6908 Fax: 1-408-567-0775 sales@bridgewave.com www.bridgewave.com BridgeWave Communications, Inc. 3350 Thomas Road Santa Clara, CA 95054 Thank You Amir Makleff President & CEO BridgeWave Communications For more information: White Papers:http://www.bridgewave.com/solutions/whitepapers.cfm Case Studies:http://www.bridgewave.com/solutions/casestudies.cfm Data Sheets:http://www.bridgewave.com/products/default.cfm BridgeWave Communications, Inc. 3350 Thomas Road Santa Clara, CA. 95054 U.S.A. Tel: +1 (408) 567-6900 Fax: +1 (408) 567-0775 www.bridgewave.com