1. The Earth’s Crust Test

2. What are the four layers of the earth? 1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 1 2 3 4

3. Fill in the blank: Seismograph Seismologist Seismogram 5. A scientist who studies earthquakes. _____________ 6. A machine that records earthquakes. _____________ 7. The piece of paper that the earthquake is recorded upon. _____________

4. Look at the picture and answer the following questions: 8.- What kind of waves are (A)? 9. - What kind of waves are (B)? 10. - What kind of waves are (C)? 11. - What is (D) used to calculate? 12.- What is (E) used to calculate?

5. 13. The ________ scale compares earthquake destruction and strength 14. Another word for the magnitude of an earthquake is the ________ of an earthquake 15. Smaller earthquakes that follow the first are called ________

6. 16. A crack in the earth’s crust where two plates meet each other is called a ________ line. 17. The famous fault line in California is called the ____________________

7. 18. Focus A or B? 19. Epicenter A or B? A B

8. 20. A giant wave created by an under water earthquake is called a ___________. 21. A crack in the earth’s crust with gas, lava or ashes/cinders coming out of it is called a ____________ 22. A scientist who studies volcanoes is called a ______________

9. Identify the Volcano: Cinder Cone Shield Cone Composite Cone(Stratacone) 23. The largest volcanoes 24. The smallest volcanoes 25. The most explosive volcanoes 26. Made of lava only 27. Made of Lava and cinders and ash 28. Made of Cinders/Ash only

10. 29. How many seismographs are needed to pinpoint the location of an earthquake? 30. By ______________ we can tell what is inside the earth?

11. 31. The Theory of __________________ states that the continents slowly drifted apart over millions of years to their current day position. 32. The German scientist who came up with the theory of continental drift is ________________ 33. The super continent that existed 200 million years ago. _______________

12. Why is a spinning metal core so important to our survival? 34. Because it creates a ___________ __________

13. 35, 36, 37, 38 Which of these statements supported the idea of Continental Drift? A The fit of the coastlines of South America and Africa B The rocky Mountains are similar in shape to those in Australia C Coal fields in the Arctic D Fossils of the same living things are found on widely separated continents E The fit of the coastlines of Japan and China F Ice sheets that covered India

14. 39. The current theory that says the earth’s crust is broken into large jigsaw puzzle pieces that are slowly moving is called the Theory of ________ ___________.

15. 40. Where do earthquakes, volcanoes and mountains occur? Along the _________ of tectonic plates 41. Fredericton does not have any volcanoes because we are not ___________________.

16. Fill in the blanks: Convergent boundary Transform faults Divergent boundary 42. plates sliding past each other - ________________________ 43. plates separating from each other – making new crust – ___________________________ 44. plates colliding – making mountains and destroying old crust - ___________________

17. Who is J. Tuzo Wilson? 45. The _______________ scientist who helped form the Theory of Plate Tectonics.