1. Automatic Dental Bur Loader NCDA Dental Products Development Group Final Design Presentation Team 99.06: Jason Dickey, Greg Frantz, Allison Martin, Nancy Meyer Sponsor: Dave Berezowski, Dentsply/Caulk Advisor: Dr. Jim Glancey 23 April 1999

2. Mission & Approach Mission: To develop a cost effective dental bur automatic loading and unloading device, while fulfilling as many of the customer and team wants as possible, within the specified time and budget constraints. Approach: Using the SSD process, we determined our customers, their wants and constraints, associated metrics, and benchmarks, which lead us into the conceptual design and prototyping of the automatic dental bur loader.

3. Presentation Overview b Project Description & Background b Customers -- Constraints & Wants b Wants -- Metrics -- Target Values b Concept Generation & Selection b Prototype Development b Final Design & Budget b Testing & Results b Recommendations for Improvements

4. Project Description & Background b Automate Unload / Load Cycle of Bur Grinder b Currently 3 Operators Per Shift to Manually Unload / Load 27 Bur Grinders b Looking to Reduce Labor Costs Through Complete Automation of Grinders b Estimate Only One Operator Per Shift Will be Required for the Automated Process b Economical if Firm Budget is Maintained

5. Customers b Dave Berezowski Bur Area ManagerBur Area Manager b Jim Foreman Facility / Production Engineering ManagerFacility / Production Engineering Manager b Brad Hannah Machine Repair IIIMachine Repair III b Ray Stachnich Machine Repair IIIMachine Repair III b Bill Martin MachinistMachinist b Cary Daniel Director of Manufacturing b Kevin Barkley Grinder Operator b Brian Huntington Safety & HAZMAT Officer b James Agnew ISO Auditor b Brian Melonakis General Manager

6. Project Constraints b Must Be Under Budget b Must Load 4 Bur Families b Quality of Burs Produced Must Not Decrease b Average Cycle Time Must Not Increase b Must Have Operational Interlock b Must Perform Design & Equipment Validation b Voltage and Air Pressure Requirements b PLC Will Replace Mechanical Counter

7. Top Ten Wants & Related Metrics b Minimize Per Unit Cost Prototype CostPrototype Cost Per Unit CostPer Unit Cost b Simplify Operation of Grinder Number of Steps Needed by OperatorNumber of Steps Needed by Operator b Increase Consistency of Operation Percentage of Incorrect LoadsPercentage of Incorrect Loads Ratio of Interlocks to PositionsRatio of Interlocks to Positions b Easy to Adjust, Diagnose, and Repair Problems Number of Status Indicators (Amount of Feedback)Number of Status Indicators (Amount of Feedback) Completeness of Documentation and DrawingsCompleteness of Documentation and Drawings

8. b Minimize Unscheduled Down Time Cycles Between FailureCycles Between Failure Completeness of Documentation and DrawingsCompleteness of Documentation and Drawings Ratio of Interlocks to PositionsRatio of Interlocks to Positions b Comply with Regulations Noise LevelNoise Level Completeness of Documentation and DrawingsCompleteness of Documentation and Drawings b Reduce Bur Production Cost Number of Steps Needed by OperatorNumber of Steps Needed by Operator b Complete Documentation Completeness of Documentation and DrawingsCompleteness of Documentation and Drawings b Match Caulk Engineering Philosophy % of Parts from Standard Vendors or Made in House% of Parts from Standard Vendors or Made in House b Decrease Bur Unloading / Loading Cycle Time Unload/Load Cycle TimeUnload/Load Cycle Time

9. Metrics & Target Values b Prototype Cost.......................... < $10,000 b Per Unit Cost............................. < $8,000 b Number of Steps Needed by Operator......... < 7 b Percentage of Incorrect Loads............ < 0.5% b Ratio of Interlocks to Positions.............. = 1/1 b Number of Status Indicators... = # of Indicators

10. Metrics & Target Values, cont. b Completeness of Documentation and Drawings.......................... = 100% b Cycles Between Failure................ > 250,000 b Noise Level................................. < 80 dB b % of Parts from Standard Vendors or Made in House...................... = 100% b Unload/Load Cycle Time............ < 13 seconds

11. System Benchmarks b Yamaha Automatic Loader b Machine Centers b Current Manual Loading Process Process

12. Initial Concepts 1st 2nd 1st 2nd Concept Iteration Iteration Concept Iteration Iteration b Swing Arm16 11 b Linear Screw Drive20 15 b Linear Piston17 18 b Robotic Arm29 --- b Four-Bar Mechanism28 --- b Yamaha--- 29 b Human--- 17

13. System Functions b Bur Delivery 2-Stage Release2-Stage Release b Collet Control Pneumatic CylinderPneumatic Cylinder b Steady Rest Control Pneumatic CylinderPneumatic Cylinder b Bur Transfer Swing ArmSwing Arm b Type of Grippers Pneumatic Grippers b Final Bur Storage Basket b Control Systems PLC

14. Advantages Of Swing Arm b Bur Transfer has One Degree of Freedom b Easier to Diagnose and Repair Problems b Minimal Redesign of Current System b Fewer Parts b Lower Design & Implementation Cost

15. Modified Collet Extension Closed Collet Modified Extended Collet: Extension ~3/8”

16. Modifications For Final Prototype b Modified the Collet to Extend Further b Alignment (x,y,z) for the Bur Holding Tray b Shock to Dampen the Swing Arm b Brass Tubing in the Bur Release b Changed Steady Rest & Bur Release Air Cylinders b Strengthened Support Bracket b Plug & Cover for Tray

17. Final Design Head Unit Swing Arm Grippers Collet Control Piston Bur Tray & Feed Tube Bur Release

18. Cabinet Modifications BeforeAfter PLC Mechanical Counter Power Supply Relay

19. Base Modifications - Before Original Wiring

20. Base Modifications - After Pneumatic SolenoidsSensor Wiring

21. Budget b Parts………………………………………………………... $3,500 b Caulk Shop Time: 100 hours @ 30 $/hour ………….….. $3,000 b Our Shop Time: 100 hours @ 0 $/hour..………………. $0 b Engineering Hours: 1600 hours @ 0 $/hour ……………… $0 Total Cost ………………………………….. $6,500

22. Function Testing b PLC Logic b Grippers b Collet Extension & Retraction b Steady Rest Motion b Tray Movement b Swing Arm Range of Motion b Bur Ready Mechanism

23. Function Integration b Position Bur Release to Deliver Bur to Tray b Tray Alignment with Grippers b Collet Alignment with Grippers b PLC Delays Optimized

24. System Level Testing b Calculate Cycle Time b Determine Percentage of Incorrect Loads b Number of Steps Required b Verify Consistency of Each Function

25. Testing Results Metric: Target Value: Actual Value: Prototype Cost........................... < $10,000............... $6,500 Per Unit Cost............................... < $8,000.............. $6,500 Number of Steps by Operator.................... < 7..................... 2 Percentage of Incorrect Loads.............. < 0.5 %................. TBD Ratio of Interlocks to Positions............... = 1/1................... 1/1 Number of Status Indicators....... # of indicators.................. 1, 47

26. Testing Results, cont. Metric: Target Value: Actual Value: Completeness of Documentation............. = 100%.............. 40% Number of Cycles Between Failure......... > 250,000.............. TBD Noise Level...................................... < 80 dB.......... < 65 dB % of “Standard” or “In House” Parts............ = 100%............. 99% Unload/Load Cycle Time..................< 13 seconds.....< 6 seconds

27. Recommendations For Improvement b Replace the Four Magnetic Reed Switches With Hall Effect Switches b Power Indicators & Operator-Level Status Lights b Continuous Spindle Motor Operation b Redesign Bur Ready Tray Make Easier to ManufactureMake Easier to Manufacture Adjustable Rubber Stop to Prevent BounceAdjustable Rubber Stop to Prevent Bounce