1. Semicolons and Colons ENG II B

2. INDEPENDENT WORK  Pick up the handout Semicolons and Colons Guided Notes from the bookcase in the front of the room.  Read and wait for instruction.

3. CLAUSES  A clause is a group of WORDS that contains a VERB and its SUBJECT and is used as PART of a sentence.

4. CLAUSES  Although every clause has a subject and verb, not all clauses express a complete thought. Those that do express a complete thought are called INDEPENDENT clauses. Such clauses could be written as separate SENTENCES. We think of them as clauses instead of sentences when they are JOINED with one additional clause or more in a single larger sentence. Clauses that do not make complete sense by themselves are called SUBORDINATE or DEPENDENT clauses. These clauses do the job of NOUNS, ADJECTIVES, or ADVERBS just as phrases do.

5. CLAUSES  Most dependent clauses are introduced by a word like when, if, until, or because that makes them dependent. When we hear a clause that starts with one of these words we know that there has to be AT LEAST ONE MORE CLAUSE in the sentence, and that at least one of the other clauses must be an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE.

6. INDEPENDENT WORK  Pick up the handout from the tray on the bookcase in the front of the room.  Complete.  You may use your notes from the previous day, if needed.  Formative Assessment 2

7. INDEPENDENT WORK  Pick up the handout from the tray on the bookcase in the front of the room.  Complete, reading directions. Instead of SF for Sentence Fragment, use DC for Dependent Clause.  You may use your notes from the previous day, if needed.  Formative Assessment 3

8. INDEPENDENT WORK  Pick up the handout from the tray on the bookcase in the front of the room.  Complete, reading directions. Be sure to also circle the word that tells you the clause is dependent.  You may use your notes from the previous day, if needed.  Formative Assessment 4

9. INDEPENDENT WORK  Study your notes for five minutes in preparation for summative assessment over Independent and Dependent Clauses.  Summative Assessment 1

10. INDEPENDENT WORK  Pick up the handout from the tray on the bookshelf.  Read and be ready to discuss.  Summative Assessment 1

11. Rule 1 Use a semicolon between independent clauses in a sentence if they are not joined by and, but, or, nor, for, or yet.

12. STEPS 1.Are there two independent clauses? If so what are they. Underline the 1 st one time and the 2 nd two times. Can each stand alone and make sense without the other? Is each a complete thought? 2.Are they joined by and, but, or, not, for, or yet? If so, a comma should be before the conjunction and no semicolon is needed. 3.Are the two independent clauses closely related? Are they about the same topic and the same aspect of the topic? If not, a period is required. If they are, use a semicolon.

13. Rule 2 Pick up the handout from the tray on the bookcase in the front of the room. Copy semicolon rule 2 onto the appropriate place on the handout.  Semicolon Rule 2: Use a semicolon between independent clauses joined by such words as for example, for instance, that is, besides, accordingly, moreover, nevertheless, furthermore, otherwise, therefore, however, consequently, instead and hence.

14. Rule 2 These words are often transitional expressions linking independent clauses. When used in this way, they are preceded (come before) by a semicolon. They are, however, usually followed by a comma.  INCORRECTEmma felt shy, however, she soon made some friends.  CORRECTEmma felt shy ; however, she soon made some friends.

15. Rule 2  Semicolon Rule 2: Use a semicolon between independent clauses joined by such words as for example, for instance, that is, besides, accordingly, moreover, nevertheless, furthermore, otherwise, therefore, however, consequently, instead and hence.  INCORRECTMy parents are strict, for example, I can watch TV only on weekends.  CORRECTMy parents are strict ; for example, I can watch TV only on weekends.

16. Rule 2  Semicolon Rule 2: Use a semicolon between independent clauses joined by such words as for example, for instance, that is, besides, accordingly, moreover, nevertheless, furthermore, otherwise, therefore, however, consequently, instead and hence.  CAUTION: When the expressions listed in the rule appear within one of the clauses, not as a transition between clauses, they are usually punctuated as interrupters (set off by commas). The two clauses are still separated by a semicolon:  Our student council voted to have a Crazy Clothes Day; the principal, however, vetoed the idea.

17. Rule 3 Use your Semicolons and Colons Guided Notes handout. Copy semicolon Rule 3 onto the appropriate place on the handout.  Semicolon Rule 3: A semicolon (rather than a comma) may be needed to separate independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) when there are commas within the clauses.

18. Rule 3  Semicolon Rule 3: A semicolon (rather than a comma) may be needed to separate independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) when there are commas within the clauses. The use of a semicolon often helps to make a sentence clear.  CONFUSINGAlan, Eric, and Kim voted for her, and Scott and Vanessa voted for Jason.  CLEARAlan, Eric, and Kim voted for her ; and Scott and Vanessa voted for Jason.

19. Rule 3  Semicolon Rule 3: A semicolon (rather than a comma) may be needed to separate independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) when there are commas within the clauses.  CONFUSINGScanning the horizon for the source of the whirring sound, Leo saw a huge, green cloud traveling in his direction, and, suddenly recognizing what it was, he knew that the crops would soon be eaten by a horde of grasshoppers.  CLEARScanning the horizon for the source of the whirring sound, Leo saw a huge, green cloud traveling in his direction ; and, suddenly recognizing what it was, he knew that the crops would soon be eaten by a horde of grasshoppers.

20. Rules 2&3 Pick up the handout from the tray on the bookcase in the front of the room. Complete Formative # _____. This is INDEPENDENT WORK. Please complete on your own, without consulting other students. You MAY use your notes.

21. Rule 4 Pick up the handout from the tray on the bookcase in the front of the room. Copy semicolon rule 2 onto the appropriate place on the handout. Rule 4: Use a semicolon between items in a series if the items contain commas.

22. Rule 4 Rule 4: Use a semicolon between items in a series if the items contain commas. EXAMPLES  I have post cards from Paris, France ; Rome, Italy ; Lisbon, Portugal ; and London, England.  The photography Club will meet on Wednesday, September 12 ; Wednesday, September 19 ; Tuesday, September 25 ; and Tuesday, October 2.

23. Rule 4 Pick up the handout from the tray at the front of the room. Complete Formative # _____. This is INDEPENDENT WORK. Please complete on your own, without consulting other students. You MAY use your notes.

24. Review Use this time to review Semicolon Rules 1-4. Look over your notes, the exercises you have completed, etc. Summative 2 Tomorrow

25. Semicolon Summative 2 Five Minutes Use this time to review Semicolon Rules 1-4. Look over your notes, the exercises you have completed, etc. Summative 2 Today!