1. Bloodborne Pathogens

2. Why am I Here Today?
To protect employees and students against exposure to bloodborne diseases.
OSHA requires annual training for employees who are at occupational risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens
Texas public schools are not required to follow OSHA standards however we are dedicated to provide the best for our employees and our students.
Purpose of the regulation is to protect employees against exposure to bloodborne diseases which could lead to disease or death

3. Bloodborne Pathogen Definition
Bloodborne: carried in blood
Pathogens: microbes that cause disease
Bloodborne Pathogens: germs carried in the blood
Remember that other body fluids can also carry diseases

4. Occupational Risk Factors
First aid
Cleaning body fluid spills
Monitoring altercations

5. Communicable Disease Transmission
Airborne- through
the air
Direct/Indirect- direct contact, or you touched a surface
Waterborne
Food borne- from food
Fecal / Oral
Bloodborne- blood or body secretions
Airborne: coughs, sneezes germs into the air. Can become infected when germs come in contact with eyes, nose, mouth, respiratory passages. Colds, flu, measles, TB
Direct/Indirect: Skin to skin or skin to mucous membrane contact. If you kiss someone with mono, your mouth comes into direct contact with the person’s saliva. Drinking out of a glass after the person infected with mono, indirectly coming into contact with their saliva. Boils, athletes foot, wound infections
Waterborne: germs are carried in water. Cholera
Foodborne: Carried in contaminated food. Salmonella
Fecal/Oral: germs are shed in the infected person’s stool. Poor hygiene and improper handwashing. Hepatitis A, E. Coli
Bloodborne: spread through specific and close contact with another person’s infected body fluids. Not spread through food or water. Hep B & C, HIV, syphilis, malaria

6. Personal Risk Factors Unprotected sexual contact Sharing used needles
drug use razors
body piercing toothbrushes
tattooing
Perinatal- can be passed from mother to child during pregnancy
Unprotected sexual contact
most common mode of transmission
Sharing dirty needles
drug use
body piercing
tattooing
Perinatal
from pregnant mother to infant
Blood transfusion
most rare mode of transmission

7. Unlikely Sources of Contamination
Feces
Urine
Vomit
Nasal Secretions
Sputum
Sweat
Tears
Saliva

8. You Cannot become Infected with these Viruses through Casual Contact
Coughing
Sneezing
A kiss on the cheek
Hugging or shaking hands
Drinking fountains
Food

9. Three Things Necessary
Person must be infected
Port of exit
Port of entry

10. Occupational Risk Factors
Contact with infectious body fluids to broken skin
Contact with infectious body fluids to mucous membranes
Puncture wounds with used needles
In a school setting, what are the specific ways that a person could be infected with bloodborne diseases?
In order to become infected three things must occur
1. A person must be infected with a bloodborne disease
2. There must be a portal of exit from the infected person
3. There must be a portal of entry into a susceptible individual

11. Three Primary Bloodborne Diseases
HIV
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
However, there are other bloodborne diseases that could also pose a risk to you

12. H - human. I - immunodeficiency. V - virus. A - acquired. I - immuno
H - human I - immunodeficiency V - virus A - acquired I - immuno D - deficiency S - syndrome

13. HIV/ AIDS tranmission facts
Attacks the immune system
1cc of blood ,000 viral particles
Dies when fluid dries
0.5% risk of infection after exposure
No vaccine
No cure
Recovery Rare

14. Hepatitis: Inflammation of the Liver
Types of Viral Hepatitis
Hepatitis A fecal / oral
Hepatitis B bloodborne
Hepatitis C bloodborne
Hepatitis viruses are not all spread the same way
Symptoms may be the same but only blood tests can identify the type of virus
Hepatitis A much more prevalent than hepatitis B

15. HBV Symptoms- Hep B May or may not exhibit symptoms
May be unaware they are contagious
Flu-like symptoms – fatigue, weight loss, fever, diarrhea
May require hospitalization
Blood and other body fluids are infected

16. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Unprotected sex & sharing needles
Strong virus
Can live up to one week outside of the body
1cc of blood contains 100,000,000 viral particles
Treatment (No Cure)

17. Those who should be tested for HBV, HIV, but not for HCV
People with multiple sex partners
People with an infected steady partner
Anyone post needle stick

18. Hepatitis B Vaccination
Three injections over 6 months
Booster doses are not recommended.
% effective after series is completed

19. Hepatitis B Vaccination Most Common Side Effect
Slight soreness at the injection site (17%)
More serious reactions may occur in 1% of vaccinations given

20. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
Most common bloodborne infection in US
More concentrated than HIV
Most people have no symptoms
No Vaccine
No effective post-exposure prophylaxis
Treatment effective in %
85% develop chronic infection
Leading indication for liver transplants

21. Standard Precautions
An approach to infection control where all human body fluids of all persons are treated as if known to be infectious for communicable diseases

22. Personal Protective Equipment
Gloves- demonstration
disposable
utility
Goggles
Gowns
Location of gloves and spill kits
Fanny packs for playground duty
Glove demonstration

23. Use of Disposable Gloves
Think about what you touch while your wearing them!
Properly dispose of contaminated gloves in the trash.
Wash hands after using them.
Waterless hand cleaner as temporary measure only.

24. Handwashing
THE SINGLE MOST EFFECTIVE BARRIER TO PREVENT THE TRANSFER OF GERMS is to use soap and running water. Scrub for at least 30 seconds, rinse well, dry with paper towel (use to turn off faucet)

25. Types of Waste Found in School Setting
Sharps containers
Regulated waste
Contaminated but not regulated
Handling Sharps
Never bend or break needles
Discard in leak-proof, puncture-proof container, labeled with
biohazard symbol
Never throw sharps container in regular trash; must be handled
by biomedicaL waste hauler
Only designated employees who have received bloodborne
pathogens training should handle or dispose of contaminated
articles
Sharps from biology or art classes are not considered biohazard unless they are
contaminated with body fluids
They should be disposed in puncture proof container to protect
custodians

26. Exposure Incident
a specific eye, mouth , other mucous membrane, non-intact skin, or parenteral (contaminated needles and sharp instruments), contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an employee’s duties.

27. Exposure Incident How they occur in the hospital environment
Personal protective equipment failure
Equipment may not be readily available
Employee may not know how to use equipment
Employee may choose not to use equipment
Failure of protective equipment
Definition:
This is defined as any accidental contact with any body fluids that occur at work to any employee

28. What Should I Do If I Have An Accidental Contact With Body Fluids?
Wash area thoroughly with soap and warm water
Contact Mrs. Hoffman or Dr. Pate immediately!!!!
Report to supervisor

29. Quiz true or false
Blood is the single most important source of HIV, HBV and HCV in the work place.
People infected with HBV do recover
There are vaccines to prevent HBV

30. HBV, HCV, and HIV spread most easily through contact with contaminated blood.
You can be exposed to BBP at work if blood or other infectious material contacts your broken skin or mucous membranes.
Feces, urine & vomit can put you at risk of exposure to BBP whether or not they contain visible blood.

31. You need to wash your hands after removing gloves only when you touched the contaminated side of the a glove.
Hand washing is your main protection against the spread of infection
HBV can survive in dried blood on surfaces for at least one week
Universal Precautions were developed to prevent the transmission of BBP when providing first aid and health care.

32. Always use a pocket mask or other respiratory device when you have to resuscitate someone in an emergency.
It is not advisable to encourage victims to administer their own first aid.
An athlete who is injured and bleeding should stop play immediately and have the wound cleaned and bandaged before returning to game
Most exposures to blood result in infection