1. Chapter 4 Prefixes

2. Chap 4- Prefix Adrenal glands- endocrine glands located at the top of the kidneys; secretes hormones (ex: adrenaline) Antibiotic- (anti=against, bio=life); chemical that destroys or inhibits microorganisms Antibodies- protein substance made by WBC in response to antigens Antigen-(-gen=producing or forming) foreign substance to the body like a poison or virus

3. Chap 4- prefix RH condition- (RH+) a person who has a protein coat or antigen on RBC  HDN (Hemolytic disease of Newborn): RH- woman and RH+ man have baby. Hemolysis causes the destruction of RBC’s. Hemoglobin is is then converted into bilirubin. (During delivery some of the baby’s antigens may escape into mother’s blood)  Prevention test at 28 wks: mother given RH immune globulin which binds to RH+ cells and prevents mom from making RH+ antibodies  Bilirubin- (jaundice) produced when liver breaks down RBCs; Bilibubin is a brownish yellow substance found in bile; phototherapy lamp which changes bilirubin in a form to be excreted

4. Chap 4 Autoimmune reaction- body makes antibodies against its own good cells and tissues which causes inflammation  Ex- Rheumatoid arthritis- autoimmune disease caused by genetics, environment, or hormones and has joint pain, swelling and inflammation  Systemic lupus- chronic inflammation; produces abnormal antibodies in blood that target tissues within their own body rather than foreign agents  Graves disease (hyperthyroidism); thyroid is responsible for metabolism; too much causes weight loss, rapid heart rate, nervousness, fatigue, sweating, sleep loss etc. Congenital anomalies- irregularity in body structure or organEx- syndactyly

5. Rheumatoid Arthritis Chronic inflammation

6. Grave’s Disease

7. Chap 4- terms Contralateral- opposite side Ipsilateral- same side Dialysis- complete separation  Ex- kidney dialysis: separates harmful waste in the blood that are normally removed by urine Ectopic Pregnancy- embyo planted outside of uterus usually in fallopian tube Parathyroid glands- (dorsal side of thyroid gland) produce hormones that increases blood calcium and maintains level Recombinant DNA- taking gene from one organism to another; manufactures insulin

8. Chap 4 terms Syndrome- a group of symptom that occurs together to make an abnormal condition  Ex- Reye condition: children given aspirin after virus; vomit, brain swelling, intracranial pressure, hypoglycemia and liver dysfunction Symbiosis- organisms living together (beneficial) Parasitism- organisms living together (not beneficial) Symphysis- type of joint covered by a layer of cartilage (shock absorber) ex: pubic symphysis Transurethral- resection of the prostate gland (TURP) is a removal of prostate gland with instrument through the urethra Ultrasonography- diagnostic technique using ultrasound waves to produce and image (echocardiogram)

9. Copyright © 2001 by W. B. Saunders Company. All rights reserved. Rh condition. Fi g. 4- 2. Forward Back MENU

10. Copyright © 2001 by W. B. Saunders Company. All rights reserved. (Modified from Damjanov I: Pathology for the Health-Related Professions, Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1996, page 393.) Sites of ectopic pregnancies. Fi g. 4- 3. Forward Back MENU

11. Copyright © 2001 by W. B. Saunders Company. All rights reserved. Location of the prostate gland. Fi g. 4- 5. Back MENU