2. Math Question of the Day (The Constitution Version) [(Add the three Reconstruction Amendments divided by the Right to Bear Arms) / number of branches in the federal government] plus the total number of U.S. Senators

3. The Cattle Kingdom and Farming on the Great Plains

4. Cattle Drive!

5. How did the Cattle Boom Begin/End? Texas LonghornTough, lean animal needing little water Worth $5 in Texas, but $80 in New York (supply and demand) Ranchers out west walk cattle to slaughter houses, then ship meat east

6. Open Range Range Rights Land out west through which cattle graze (shared) Begins to disappear a people buy land out west Cattle ranchers buy rights to use steams from land owners

7. Vaqueros Roundup Cattle Drive Mexican cattlemen who give ranchers ideas of style of dress and tools Gathering cattle together from a ranch You can tell them apart by brand Moving cattle from ranch to railroad Took several months, and covered hundreds of miles Dangerous - Thieves, weather, stampede, injury Ended at Cow Towns - drinking, gambling, restaurants, and showers

9. End of the Open Range Farmers begin to buy up open range land and stop cattle drives Barbed Wire - Allows farmers to cheaply fence an area off Sheep farmers move in and sheep eat all the grazing grass Bad winters of 1885/86 kill 30% of herds