1. Energy and Temperature Scales Calculations and Conversions

2. Are Heat and Temperature the Same? Heat----Amount of energy that an object has Temperature---measurement of the kinetic energy that an object has Heat----Amount of energy that an object has Temperature---measurement of the kinetic energy that an object has

4. Fahrenheit o F is the symbol used for this unit 32 o is the freezing point of water 212 o is the boiling point of water Not a very easy scale to work with due to the wide range of numbers between the fixed points. o F is the symbol used for this unit 32 o is the freezing point of water 212 o is the boiling point of water Not a very easy scale to work with due to the wide range of numbers between the fixed points.

5. Converting from Fahrenheit to Celsius Use the following equation to convert between units F – 32 1.8 Use the following equation to convert between units F – 32 1.8

6. Celsius Easier to use for science 0 o C is the freezing point of water 100 o C is the boiling point of water Uses symbol o C Easier to use because it goes from 0-100 so just more practical for science and other fields Easier to use for science 0 o C is the freezing point of water 100 o C is the boiling point of water Uses symbol o C Easier to use because it goes from 0-100 so just more practical for science and other fields

7. Converting from Celsius to Fahrenheit Use the following equation to convert from fahrenheit to celsius C x 1.8 + 32 = F Use the following equation to convert from fahrenheit to celsius C x 1.8 + 32 = F

8. The “Absolute Scale” Kelvin Named after Lord Kelvin Scale does not use degree signs Scale does not have negative numbers This makes it an ideal scale for physics and particle related studies because even at low temperatures it gives the impression that kinetic energy is still present Named after Lord Kelvin Scale does not use degree signs Scale does not have negative numbers This makes it an ideal scale for physics and particle related studies because even at low temperatures it gives the impression that kinetic energy is still present

9. Kelvin Con’t Kelvin calculated the lowest temperature possible by theory “Absolute Zero” point where it is believed that all molecular motion stops -273.15 Celsius -454 Fahrenheit Nobody has ever reached this point Kelvin calculated the lowest temperature possible by theory “Absolute Zero” point where it is believed that all molecular motion stops -273.15 Celsius -454 Fahrenheit Nobody has ever reached this point

10. Conversions between Celsius and Kelvin To convert from Celsius to Kelvin C + 273 = Kelvin Temperature To convert from Kelvin to Celsius K – 273 = Degrees Celsius If you start with Fahrenheit you must convert to Celsius first, and then to Kelvin To convert from Celsius to Kelvin C + 273 = Kelvin Temperature To convert from Kelvin to Celsius K – 273 = Degrees Celsius If you start with Fahrenheit you must convert to Celsius first, and then to Kelvin

11. What is Thermochemistry? The study of the energy of chemical reactions and the changes that it undergoes 1. Heat---the amount of energy that an object has 2. Energy—the ability to do work or to use the heat The study of the energy of chemical reactions and the changes that it undergoes 1. Heat---the amount of energy that an object has 2. Energy—the ability to do work or to use the heat

12. Exothermic Vs Endothermic Endothermic —a reaction where energy is absorbed by the system or object The temperature of the surroundings will decrease The temperature of the object will increase Can cause solids to melt, and liquids to boil Endothermic —a reaction where energy is absorbed by the system or object The temperature of the surroundings will decrease The temperature of the object will increase Can cause solids to melt, and liquids to boil

13. Exothermic A reaction where energy is released by the system or object The temperature of the surroundings will increase The temperature of the object will decrease Causes gases to condense and liquids to freeze A reaction where energy is released by the system or object The temperature of the surroundings will increase The temperature of the object will decrease Causes gases to condense and liquids to freeze

14. Specific Heat Capacity The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of an object by 1 degree Celsius Depends on the mass and composition of the object Water has the highest specific heat for any material we will encounter The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of an object by 1 degree Celsius Depends on the mass and composition of the object Water has the highest specific heat for any material we will encounter

15. Specific Heat Equation

16. Heat of Fusion The amount of heat required to melt a substance at its melting point Since it is at the melting point, temperature is not part of the equation The amount of heat required to melt a substance at its melting point Since it is at the melting point, temperature is not part of the equation

17. The Equation Q = mH f

18. Heat of Vaporization The amount of energy it required to boil a substance at its boiling point Since it is at the boiling point, temperature is not part of the equation The amount of energy it required to boil a substance at its boiling point Since it is at the boiling point, temperature is not part of the equation

19. The Equation Q = mH V