1. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 3 Ecology of the Family

2. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. In my very own self, I am part of my family. D.H. Lawrence

3. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Family Systems

4. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Family Structures Nuclear family – A family consisting of a husband, a wife, and their children Extended family – Relatives of the nuclear family who are economically and emotionally dependent on each other

5. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Family Structures Family of orientation – The family into which one is born Family of procreation – The family that develops when one marries and has children

6. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Family Structures Matriarchal family – A family in which the mother has formal authority and dominance Patriarchal family – A family in which the father has formal authority and dominance Egalitarian family – A family in which both sides of the extended family are regarded as equal

7. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Family Functions Reproduction Socialization/education Assignment of social roles Economic support Nurturance/emotional support

8. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Family Transitions

9. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Structural Divorced families Single-parent and joint custody Kin custody Stepfamilies Single-parent families Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender families Adoptive families

10. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Divorce Effect on children depends on – Age and gender – Custody arrangements – Emotional support Binuclear family – A family pattern in which children are part of two homes and two family groups

11. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Custody Single-Parent Custody – Single-parents can experience economic, emotional, physical strain Joint Custody Kin Custody – Children raised by relatives other than parents, the most common being grandparents raising grandchildren

12. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Changes Over Time

13. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Changes Over Time Reproduction Socialization/education Assignment of social roles Authority patterns Economic support Dual-earner families Nurturance/emotional support

14. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Macrosystem Influences

15. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Socioeconomic Status Ascribed status – Social class, rank, or position determined by family lineage, gender, birth order, or skin color Achieved status – Social class, rank, or position determined by education, occupation, income, and/or place of residence

16. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Socioeconomic Status Socioeconomic status – Rank or position within a society, based on social and economic factors Upper class Middle class Lower class Underclass

17. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Socioeconomic Effects Children’s socialization experiences vary by socioeconomic class. Different socialization experiences result in different outcomes.

18. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Cultural Orientation Gemeinschaft Gesellschaft Collectivism Individualism

19. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Religious Orientation Religion – A unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things Religion provides an ideology that enables individuals to comprehend events.

20. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Chronosystem Influences

21. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Chronosystem Influences Sociopolitical Changes – Immigration Policies – Foreign Policies – Domestic Policies Economic Changes Technological Changes

22. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Family Empowerment

23. ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Family Empowerment Empowerment – Enabling individuals to have control over resources affecting them