1. The Language of ‘Variables’

2. Variable:Any observation that can take different values Attribute:A specific value on a variable The Nature of Research

3. The Language of ‘Variables’ Variable:Sex or gender Attribute:Female; male The Nature of Research Example

4. The Language of ‘Variables’ Variable:Agreement Attribute:1 = strongly disagree 2 = disagree 3 = neutral 4 = agree 5 = strongly agree The Nature of Research Example

5. Types of Variables Leads to or causes something else Is affected by other variable(s) Independent: Dependent:

6. Types of Variables Academic achievement IndependentIndependentDependentDependent

7. Types of Variables Family structure Academic achievement IndependentIndependentDependentDependent

8. Types of Variables Family structure Economic status Academic achievement IndependentIndependentDependentDependent

9. Types of Variables Family structure Economic status Schooling Academic achievement IndependentIndependentDependentDependent

10. Types of Variables Family structure Economic status Schooling Special tutoring Academic achievement IndependentIndependentDependentDependent

11. Types of Variables Family structure Economic status Schooling Special tutoring Academic achievement IndependentIndependentDependentDependent Notmanipulable

12. Types of Variables Family structure Economic status Schooling Special tutoring Academic achievement IndependentIndependentDependentDependent Manipulable Notmanipulable

13. Operational Definition Theory or idea

14. Operational Definition Theory or idea

15. Operational Definition Theory or idea Reality

16. Operational Definition Theory or idea Reality Self-esteem

17. Operational Definition Theory or idea Reality Self-esteem I feel good about myself... 12345 SDDNASA

18. Operational Definition Theory or idea Reality Operational definition Self-esteem I feel good about myself... 12345 SDDNASA

19. ConstructsConstructs Self-esteem

20. ConstructsConstructs Self-esteem Operationaldefinition Operationaldefinition Operationaldefinition

21. ConstructsConstructs Self-esteem Operationaldefinition Operationaldefinition Operationaldefinition Indicators

22. ConstructsConstructs Self-esteem Operationaldefinition Operationaldefinition Operationaldefinition Each indicator is a fallible reflection of the construct.

23. DimensionsDimensions Socioeconomic Status

24. DimensionsDimensions Dimension 1: Income

25. DimensionsDimensions Socioeconomic Status Dimension 1: Income Dimension 2: Education