1. WATER AND CLIMATE ADAPTATION WORK AT FANRPAN Douglas J. Merrey 20 June 2008 FANRPAN Partners Meeting

2. Three Projects 1. Limpopo Basin Focal Project 2. Scaling up micro- Agricultural Water Management (AWM) Technologies 3. Adapting Food Systems to Global Environmental Change

3. Limpopo River Basin Focal Project

5. Goals  To identify agricultural water interventions whose implementation will reduce poverty and enhance food, health, and environmental security in the Limpopo Basin and beyond  To identify gaps in knowledge about agricultural water management options in the basin requiring further research

6. Work Packages (WP) 1. WP 1 Water and Poverty 2. WP 2 Water Availability and Access 3. WP 3 Water Productivity 4. WP 4 Institutional Analysis 5. WP 5 Interventions Packages 6. WP 6 Knowledge Management

7. The Team-1  FANRPAN and ARC joint venture ARC leads Water Availability and Knowledge Management WPs FANRPAN leads Institutions and Interventions WP and overall project  IWMI and GWP-SA regional partners IWMI Leads Water Productivity WP and is associated with +/- 8 CPWF projects in basin GWP and FANRPAN co-lead stakeholder consultations  University of Malawi—leads Poverty Analysis WP

8. The Team-2  National universities: Botswana, Eduardo Mondlane (UEM, Mozambique), Pretoria, Zimbabwe  Mozambique Institute of Agricultural Research (IIAM) Team is large and diverse, but highly experienced and professional Complemented by students (10% of the total budget)

9. Research Approach and Stakeholder Consultation  Make use of existing data bases and research project outputs  Use students strategically to fill gaps, provide analytical support  Highest priority on application, impact of our work Consultations with stakeholders--Large number, wide diversity, at multiple levels

10. Matrix Intervention Package Associated Institutions InfrastructureTechnologyPolicies & Institutions New Knowledge intervention (contributor) Name of institution, contact info, links to related web sites or documents Check any of the boxes below that applyCheck boxes below that apply Check boxes below that apply Check boxes below that apply availabilityproductivityaccessavailprodaccavailprodaccavailprodacc Treadle Pump Irrigation D Merrey IDE http://www.ideorg.org/ Kick Start http://www.kickstart.org XX Small Reservoirs CP 46 http://www.smallreservoirs.or g XX Catchment Management Forums DWAF http://www.dwaf.gov.za XX

11. Policies to Encourage Scaling Up Micro-Agricultural Water Management (micro-AWM)

12. Treadle Pumps--Types ZAMBIA KENYA S. AFRICA SWAZI- LAND INDIA

13. Micro-AWM--a “best bet” investment  Low-cost small-scale technologies and practices are promising investments: Relatively low cost per household  can benefit more people/$ Rapid impacts: minimal gestation period Individualized—lower transaction costs than communal or government irrigation Lend themselves to being promoted through markets, and to being targeted, e.g., to women, or poor  Not a panacea, but high potential intervention if done right, in the right circumstances

14. If micro-AWM so good, why have they not reached any scale in SSA?  Main problem is restrictive and variable government policies (Merrey & Sally, forthcoming in Water Policy, 2008) Compounded by small national markets in most SSA countries Mostly NGO-driven; these tend to be supply- driven limited-time projects, often for relief

15. Inconsistent, Unsupportive Policies  No SSA country has a long-term supportive policy framework for encouraging a local market- driven industry (manufacture, sales, after-sales service, etc)  Inconsistent policies:  High costs (2-5 X Indian price), no long-term investment

16. Recommendations: Way Forward National Level  With stakeholders, develop consistent long term supportive policies & designate a lead agency  Support for local R&D, social marketing, low-cost loans  Limited-time “smart” subsidies to kickstart the industry, focused on small farmers Target women, households who have labor and land but need help with capital Use input vouchers as a way of subsidizing through the markets  Build into overall long-term agricultural and water resources development policies

17. Recommendations: Way Forward Regional Economic Communities  As part of moving to freer trade, support development of regional markets for small-scale low- cost technologies for economies of scale  Support exchange of experiences among countries

18. Supporting development of an African market- driven micro-AWM industry can contribute directly to reducing poverty and hunger by 2015 while through synergies, enhancing the returns to large- scale water infrastructure investments.

19. Adaptation of Food Systems to Global Environmental Change (GEC)

20. Southern Africa Science Plan and Implementation Strategy “GECAFS-SAF”  Partnership of “Global Environmental Change and Food Systems” (GECAFS), ICSU- Africa, and FANRPAN  Proposed five year programme

21. GECAFS Food System Concept

22. GECAFS-SAF addresses 3 issues  how GEC will further complicate food security across the region.  the feasibility of policy and technical adaptation options at both regional and local levels.  the socioeconomic and environmental consequences of different adaptation options designed to improve food security.

23. Strategies for Adapting to Climate Change in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa: Targeting the Most Vulnerable Implementing Partners:  International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Other partners include:  Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA)  FANRPAN  Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)  Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF). Supported by BMZ (Germany) Project is being launched at a workshop hosted by FANRPAN 23-25 June 2008

24. Strategies for Adapting to Climate Change in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa  Goal: Reduced vulnerability of rural households to climate change through better-coordinated and targeted food system adaptation strategies.  Purpose: To provide regional organizations, policymakers and farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa with tools to identify and implement appropriate adaptation strategies. FANRPAN will use this to develop a network of practitioners and policymakers on adaptation of food systems to GEC

25. Invitation  Contribute to the Limpopo Basin Water Management Intervention Matrix  Discuss how micro-AWM can help reduce poverty and vulnerability at a reasonable cost  Share your ideas about adaptation of food systems to GEC in Southern Africa  Or other natural resources issues you have in mind! And how these activities form a coherent mutually supportive programme