1. Research directions under EFDA WP 2009/2010
Roman Zagórski
EFDA
Acknowledgements to EFDA CSU Garching, Task Forces and Topical Groups
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw

2. EFDA structure & EFDA WP 2009/2010 EFDA Meetings HPC FF
OUTLINE:
EFDA structure & EFDA WP 2009/2010
EFDA Meetings
HPC FF
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw

3. Coordination of R&D: EFDA Task Forces & Topical Groups
Task Forces under EFDA
PWI Task Force: Leaders E.Tsitrone (CEA) and R.Neu (IPP)
ITM Task Force: Leaders P.Strand (VR), R. Coelho (IST),
LG Eriksson (CEA)
Topical Groups under EFDA
Transport Topical Group: Chairman C.Hidalgo (CIEMAT)
H&CD Topical Group: Chairman A.Becoulet (CEA)
Materials Topical Group: Chairmen S.Dudarev (UKAEA) (S.Gonzalez)
M. Reith (FZK)
Diagnostics Topical Group: Chairman T.Donné (FOM)
MHD Topical Group: Chairman P.Martin (ENEA-RFX)
Emerging Technologies & DEMO oriented activities
(A.Malaquias)
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw

4. European Charge: Integrated Modelling
Integrated Tokamak Modelling Task Force
Co-ordinate the development of a coherent set of validated simulation tools for ITER exploitation
Benchmark these tools on existing tokamak experiments
Provide a comprehensive simulation package for ITER and DEMO plasmas.
Coordinate the European Software developments with the aim to increase quality and reduce parallel efforts. (Streamline the code base)
Support the development of ITER-relevant scenarios in current experiments.
Development of the necessary standardized software tools
EFDA SC (03)-21/4.9.2 (June 24th, 2003)
IAEA-TM 2009, Aix en Provence, P. Strand
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw

5. ITM Structure ISIP = Infrastructure and Software Integration Project
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw

6. ITM TF Work Programme 2009
Continuation of 2008 Work Programme
Maintenance of installed software
Continued development of new physics modules
Continued activities on Code Platform
Focus areas – Priority Support Areas
Infrastructure and Software Integration Project
Integration Team
Coordination activities towards AMNS, EDRG
European Transport Solver (ETS)
Free boundary equilibrium code
VDE’s
3d reflectometry modelling
Next step of Integration (extended charge outside WP!)
Providing tools and modules for use at Experiments and in Associates
Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear & Surface Physics Data (AMNS)
Experimentalists and Diagnosticians Resource Group (EDRG)
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw

7. ITM TF - Work Programme 2010
ITM Call for participation to be launched soon (November)
PWI related tasks
Integration of edge codes (ERO, ASCOT, ASPOEL, ..) in the ITM structure:
Development of relavant CPO’s, coupling with other codes
(e.g. ETS + edge code (SOLPS))
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw

8. EFDA Transport Topical Group
Standard Tokamak operation relies on the H-mode where improved confinement comes from the edge pressure gradient
Separatrix
X-point
Divertor
distance from axis
pedestal
H-mode
With additional power:
Steep edge pressure gradient: H-mode scenario
Most important physics questions revolve around the edge transport barrier
pressure
L-mode
distance from axis
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw

9. Example: turbulent transport simulation
EFDA Transport Topical Group
Example: turbulent transport simulation
Core Ion transport well understood from Ion Temperature gradients instabilities,
Electron generated micro turbulence and related transport yet to be understood,
Transport mechanisms in the H-mode pedestal not understood.
Study the long wave correlations and turbulent transport in the pedestal
Validate the measurements from invasive diagnostics with non-invasive methods
Study the effect of rotation, impurities … on plasma transport
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw

10. Call for Participation launched deadline for answers 20 November 2009
Transport TG – WP2010
Call for Participation launched
deadline for answers 20 November 2009
Task Agreement WP10-TRA-01: L-H transition physics
- L-H power threshold and ELM control techniques
- Role of atomic physics mechanisms
Task Agreement WP10-TRA-02: Turbulent electron transport
Task Agreement WP10-TRA-03: Particle and impurity transport in standard and
advanced tokamak scenarios
- Experiments on impurity transport
Task Agreement WP10-TRA-04: Role of neoclassical and turbulent mechanisms in
plasma rotation
Task Agreement WP10-TRA-05: Statistical properties of edge turbulent transport
- Diagnostics for edge turbulence
-Theory and modelling of edge turbulence
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw 10

11. EFDA MHD Topical Group
Top Priority: Avoidance and Mitigation of Disruptions
“Disruptions”, abrupt termination of the plasma, need to be limited on ITER
Why ?
transient loads on plasma facing components (erosion/melting)
forces on vessel and in-vessel components
recovery from disruption (loss of availability for experimentation)
How ?
disruption avoidance (precursors) and mitigation
operation away from stability limits (avoid too ambitious plasma operation)
Infrared view of the vessel during a disruption at JET showing the thermal loads in the plasma facing components
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw

12. EFDA MHD Topical Group
Operation at high pressure requires qmin > 2 and active control of plasma instabilities.
STABLE
STABLE WITH CONTROL
UNSTABLE
MHD Topical groups addresses the performance limiting MHD instabilities:
NTMs (Neoclassic Tearing Modes),
RWM (Resistive Wall Modes)
ELMs (Edge Localized Modes)
Coils
q=1
q=2
Study and develop active control of plasma instabilities
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw

13. Call for Participation launched deadline for answers 20 November 2009
MHD TG – WP2010
Call for Participation launched
deadline for answers 20 November 2009
Task Agreement WP10-MHD-01: Fast Particles Physics
- Experiments on fast particle instabilities
Assessment of ITER needs and feasibility studies
Task Agreement WP10-MHD-02: Disruptions
Runaway electrons
- Electromagnetic forces
Mitigation and avoidance
Task Agreement WP10-MHD-03: Sawtooth and Tearing Modes (NTMs), Edge Localised Modes (ELMs) and Stability at high Beta (RWMs)
- Sawtooth and Tearing Modes
- Edge Localised Modes
- Stability at high Beta
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw 13

14. Heating & Current Drive Topical Group
Organised in 4 co-ordinating committees, corresponding to the 4 heating and current drive systems
Neutral Beam Injection (NBI)
Development of NNBI big technical challenge for ITER (h> 70%)
Programme focuses on the development of NNBI advanced neutralizers
Ion Cyclotron Resonant Heating (ICRH)
Coupling in ELMy H-mode
Arc detection for component protection
Programme focuses on the development arc protection systems for ICRH
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw

15. Heating & Current Drive Topical Group
Electron Cyclotron Resonant Heating (ECRH)
Recent development of 1MW Gyrotrons for ITER
Important for localized current drive for control
Inefficient for bulk current drive
Programme focuses on the Real-time Polarization Control of EC waves to avoid overheating of machine structures
Lower Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD)
Presently not credited in ITER baseline.
Only system capable of efficient off-axis bulk current drive for the development of advanced scenarios.
Programme focuses on the development of LHCD for ITER
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw

16. Call for Participation launched deadline for answers 20 November 2009
H&CD TG – WP2010
Call for Participation launched
deadline for answers 20 November 2009
HCD-01-01: Experimental simulation of non-linear burning plasma
HCD-01-02: Reliability of Plasma Operation (conditioning and initiation)
ICRF assisted wall conditioning:
Perform experimental and modelling studies to assess the quality of the RF-produced plasma and the efficiency of the wall conditioning actions.
Identify the necessary code developments and implement them.
HCD-01-03: Reliability of ICRH and LHCD
Neutral Pressure in front of RF antennas
Edge plasma modelling
HCD-01-04: Reliability of ECH and ECCD
HCD-01-05: Specific H&CD physics for ITER
HCD-01-06: Off-axis Current Drive and rotation
HCD-01-07: Fuelling Physics
Integration of particle control in ITER plasma scenarios simulations
Reinforce the activities on integration of particle control in ITER plasma scenarios
simulations. Develop predictive modelling for gas flow coupling the divertor, pumping, and
duct systems.
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw 16

17. Call for Participation launched deadline for answers 20 November 2009
H&CD TG – WP2010
Call for Participation launched
deadline for answers 20 November 2009
Task Agreement HCD-02-01: Support to European Facilities and ITER (LHCD)
Task Agreement HCD-02-02: Reliability of Neutral Beam Advanced Technologies
Task Agreement HCD-02-03: Fuelling Technologies
Pumps Systems
·Assess the ITER solutions for pumping & fuelling and derive requirements for these
systems under various DEMO configuration options (outline R&D needs, identify
immediate and longer term actions)
·Review status of pump development of interest for DEMO.
·Initiate work in the area of steady-state, tritium-compatible rough pumping.
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw 17

18. Diagnostics Topical Group
New or improved techniques for measuring key parameters required for operation of future devices ITER/DEMO (for the machine protection, infer physical processes and parameters; and for plasma control).
Ex. Plasma flows in divertor, isotope plasma composition, confined alpha particles.
Measurements for physics studies, in order to improve understanding with experiments in present devices in key physics issues for ITER and DEMO.
Turbulence measurements of the pedestal plasma
ITER and DEMO present a culture change due to the harsh environment for diagnostics in terms of heat and neutron fluencies; difficult/no access for maintenance and repairs.
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw

19. Tasks WP2008-2009 Diagnostics Topical Group
DTG
Tasks WP Diagnostics Topical Group
Task
ITPA HP
ITER HP
EFPW
MHD
Trans
H&CD
DIAG
PWI
Plasma position reflectometry X
Escaping fast alphas
Fuel ion ratio
Neutron based diagnostics
Measurement of confined alphas
Development of edge current measurements
Long range correlations in edge transport barriers
Heat load control
Material deposition and composition of walls
DEMO specific diagnostics constraints (WG)
Feedback control (WG)
Data analysis and calibration (WG)
The annual meeting of DTG was held on April 1st and 2nd, where preliminary progresses
of these tasks were discussed together with proposals for WP 2010
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw

20. DTG Tasks DTG WP2008-2009 of interest for PWI Heat load control
First robust and fast algorithms need to be developed for the identification of patterns in the IR images that are useful for the control objectives at hand. Optimization of the implementation of the algorithms to meet the speed requirements needed for the real time applications.
This task is assigned to ENEA-RFX (recognition algorithms)
Material deposition and composition of walls
Comparative experiments on laser-induced breakdown system (LIBS) to define the optimized parameters for a future implementation of a LIBS device on a tokamak
This task is assigned to ENEA (LIBS)
TARTU, CEA
MEdC (tiles with coating to test LIBS)
IPPLM
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw

21. DTG Tasks WP2010 Diagnostics Topical Group
Call for proposals launched on October 15th , deadline November 20th
Tasks of interest for PWI
Diagnostics for protection of plasma facing components
Next annual meeting: Garching, March Reporting tasks WP08-09 and kick-off WP2010
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw

22. EFDA Meetings 2009
EFDA meeting on Fuelling and Particle Control Garching March 2009
EFDA Workshop on Diagnostics Garching 1-2 April 2009
EFDA Technical Meeting on PSI Facilities Garching 18 June 2009 (R..Neu)
ITM Taskforce Task Force Project Leaders and General Annual Meeting
FZJ, Juelich 6-11 September 2009
Transport Topical Group 2nd Annual meeting
UKAEA, Culham September 2009
EFDA Technical Meeting: status of DEMO achievements under EFDA Garching September 2009
17th European Fusion Physics Workshop 7-9 December 2009 , Velence, Hungary
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw 22

23. ← Sessions Fuelling Meeting, 19-20 March 2009
“Fuelling/Pumping or Particle Control”
Transversal activity across TG and TF
Fuelling, Particle Control and Tritium economy in future devices
Burn and Particle Control
Pumping, divertor operation and SOL physics
Fuelling and Pumping Technologies
Fuelling and H&CD
Other fuelling applications
← Sessions
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw

24. EFDA WP Programme 2010: Fuelling physics
1- Pellet fuelling experiments to validate ITER scenarios. Assist in pellet fuelling database for extrapolation to ITER
2- Modelling of pellet physics: drift, dispersion and evaporation in particular in the pedestal, as well as impact on the plasma such as the L-H power threshold, ELM triggering.
3- Reinforced activity on integration of particle control in ITER plasma scenarios simulations:
- Analysis of the consequences of slow ITER pumping rate on wall conditioning (GDC and RF) and on scenarios (compatibility with radiative divertor).
- Predictive modelling for gas flow coupling the divertor, pumping, and duct systems (also for DEMO) (detailing leaks -> pumping efficiency per species).
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw

25. DEMO Meeting, 29- 30 September 2009
Aim of the meeting:
Make the point of the progress achieved under EFDA in the main issues for DEMO as an integrated system
Give an input to the DEMO working group recently established by CCE-FU/F4E, for a unified EU approach the next R&D activity
Sessions: 1) Introduction - Physical assumption 2) DEMO as a complex system (D. Maissonier) 3) Reliability and control (safety, availability, plasma control and performance, diagnostics) (K. Lackner) 4) Power handling (walls / divertor) (P. Lorenzetto) 5) Maintenance (Tritium & dust removal, remote handling) (A. Tesini) 6) Tritium self-sufficiency (M. Gasparotto) 7) Round table: General discussion and possible input for the CCE-FU/F4E DEMO working group
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw 25

26. Need for a more integrated approach
Conclusion
Need for a more integrated approach
DEMO as a complex system requires many problems, technical and physical, to be tackled consistently respect to each other
Physics R&D: it is essential to have an accompanying tokamak -- answers from ITER too late for the “fast track”-- Technology R&D: more effort to be put on - materials sciences (+ IFMIF construction) - development of the fundamental subsystems # breeding blanket for the T self-sufficiency # H&CD for profile control # high T cooling for efficient thermal energy conversion etc...
Trade-off performance for reliability
The performance parameters cannot be independently optimized, large limitation coming from power handling and control
Important questions:
Quasi-continuous or Steady State?
Electricity Production - Amount and efficiency?
H&CD systems – how many?
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw 26

27. Need for testing and developing advanced concepts:
Conclusion
Critical Issues:
Divertor and PFC
Divertor is a (THE) major component impacting on plasma scenarios and physics: a realistic technological limit on power handling is a key ingredient for DEMO specifications (< 20 MW/m2??)
Need for testing and developing advanced concepts:
Configurations for increased flux expansion, Super X
Tungsten: still some crucial issues: “fuzz” production; sputtering due to impurities (high radiating plasmas), erosion. Recycling
Liquid metals: attractive (unaffected by disruption) but very limited experience
Remote Handling
Fuel Cycle – Tritium self-sufficiency (TBR > 1.18)
EFDA WP for DEMO to be developed soon!!!
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw 27

28. 17th European Fusion Physics Workshop 7th - 9th December 2009
Use of Tungsten in fusion devices
Sessions: Chairs:
Specifications for tungsten as plasma facing material V.Philips (FZJ)
and as structural material
Status of W technologies M.Rieth (FZK)
Status on the scientific understanding of S.L. Dudarev (UKAEA)
W and W-alloys material properties
W as a plasma facing component (PSI issues) R. Neu (IPP)
Development of integrated tokamak operating E. Joffrin (JET-EFDA)
scenarios compatible with W PFCs
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw

29. HPC-FF High Performance Computer for Fusion Applications
Located in the Jülich Supercomputing Centre
1080 compute nodes:
Bull NovaScale R422-E2
20 racks with 54 nodes each
Processor: Intel Xeon X5570 (Nehalem-EP) quad-core,
2.93 GHz
Memory: ~250 TB
Peak theoretical performance: ~ 100 TFlop/s
Achieved efficiency % (Linpack test)
Operating since – 6 August 2009
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw

30. HPC board allocation of resources (CPU time and high level support)
Selected by EFDA SC ( 2 year mandate)
with the following obligations:
allocation of resources (CPU time and high level support)
chooses HLST team members
monitors operation and exploitation of facility
annual work programme for STAC approval
user representation, meetings ….
S. Günter (IPP; chair), N. Baluc (CRPP), X. Garbet (CEA), R. Giannella (EU),
T. Hender (UKAEA), F. Iannone (ENEA), S. Potempski, P. Strand (Chalmers),
R. Zagorski (EFDA; secretary), (K. Wolkersdorfer (FZJ))
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw

31. Call for proposals
2009
End of 2008: call for proposals for the usage of HPC-FF in 2009
45 proposals received requesting a total of 53 MCPU hours (20 MCPU hours allocated for projects)
Associations involved: CEA, VR, CRPP, Denmark, FZJ, IPP, Latvia, OAW, UKAEA
Call still open …(new proposal from TEKES)
Proposals refereed by members of the HPC board , criteria:
Relevance for Fusion
HPC compatibility
Scientific Excellence
EU collaborations
85% CPU hours = 25 MCPU hours for projects
10% HLST
5% guaranteed access by associations
2010
Call for proposals for the usage of HPC-FF in 2010
- Launched on 27th October
-Deadline: 31st December (external referees)
projects to be found on
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw

32. High level support team
Composed of (12 members):
Core Team (IPP) -5 members (5ppy) + 7 members (4 ppy) in other Associations
Main aims: • Parallelise and optimise codes • Improve the performance of existing codes • Initiate the transfer of other codes to multiprocessors platforms • Make existing codes into community tools and merge codes if needed; • Choose algorithms, mathematical library routine to adapt applications to the computer architectures • Train young scientists to the use of HPC systems • Provide consultancy to existing HPC specialists in the Associations;
2008/2009
Call for participation in the HLST (reopened in June 2009)
Advertisement for Positions in the Core Team in Garching
Call for use of the HLST resources (5 (of 10) projects selected)
2009/2010
Call for proposals for the support from HLST in 2010
- Launched on 27th October
-Deadline: 31st December 2009
R.Zagórski, PWI Annual Meeting, 4-6 November 2009, Warsaw