1. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov A Campus Consideration Introduction to Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design A Campus Consideration Rick Arrington, CPS, NCPS II Richard.arrington@dcjs.virginia.gov

2. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov CPTED Defined: The proper design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in the fear and incidence of crime and an improvement in the quality of life. Proper Design +Effective Use……. = Safer Environment 2

3. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov CPTED goes beyond addressing only the criminal element to also address: the potential crime location, potential victims and witnesses of crimes as prevention tools, based upon various disciplines of study. 3

4. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov Contributing Fields 4 CPTED ArchitectureCriminologySociologyPsychology Jane Jacobs, 1961 C. Ray Jeffrey, 1971 Oscar Newman, 1972 T. Crowe, R. Clarke, etc.

5. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov Context The CPTED Strategies may be viewed in a context of “Situational Crime Prevention” and with consideration of the criminal “rational choice”. –“Human beings base their behavior on rational calculations when making choices, their choices are aimed at optimization of their pleasure or profit.” 5

6. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov Applications should be designed to be capable of: *Increasing the risk *Increasing the effort required *Reducing the reward *Removing the excuses for unauthorized persons, actions etc. Situational Crime Prevention- Successful Case Studies 1997 by Ron V. Clarke, PhD. 6

7. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov Strategy 1- Surveillance Maximize visibilityMaximize visibility –Lighting Create legitimate activities by legitimate usersCreate legitimate activities by legitimate users Provide open sightlines and enhanced reaction time.Provide open sightlines and enhanced reaction time. Use of guardians (neighbors, casual passers, volunteers, security etc.)Use of guardians (neighbors, casual passers, volunteers, security etc.) 7

8. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov Strategy 2- Access Control Guide people to safer spaces.Guide people to safer spaces. –Accomplished through; placement of entrances, exits, fencing, landscaping, trail surfacing, colors and signage. 8 UNIVERSITY OF CPTED

9. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov Strategy 3- Territoriality The use of physical attributes that express ownership by legitimate users.The use of physical attributes that express ownership by legitimate users. This design concept aims to extend a sphere of influence over a property, why?This design concept aims to extend a sphere of influence over a property, why? 9

10. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov Strategy 4- Maintenance Based on the Broken Windows Theory of prevention, which asserts that well maintained areas demonstrate someone cares for the space and may be watching, thereby discouraging illegal behaviors.Based on the Broken Windows Theory of prevention, which asserts that well maintained areas demonstrate someone cares for the space and may be watching, thereby discouraging illegal behaviors. 10

11. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov CPTED enables us to: 1.Move people to safer locations 2.Make better use of limited resources 3.Create legitimate use for unassigned space 4.Avoid the fortress appearance while maintaining safety measures 5.Conduct physical security assessments to suggest methods of enhancing security and safety 11

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13. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov History In 1998 the New Partnership Commission for Community Safety was created by Governor’s Executive Order to advise the Governor on new initiatives to “promote community safety”. In an effort to bring recognition to exemplary programs they identified, the Commission developed the Governor’s New Partnership Community Safety Awards. 13

14. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov recommend programs that fostered the development of community safety The Commission tasked the Department of Criminal Justice Services (DCJS) to recommend programs that fostered the development of community safety initiatives at the local level. The Certified Crime Prevention Community (CCPC) program was developed to that end. 14

15. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov Higher Education-History 2004 the Virginia State Crime Commission study of safety at Virginia's institutions of higher education resulted in: –Office of Campus Policing and Security (OCPS) and, –Minimum standards for employment, job-entry and in-service training curricula, and certification requirements for campus security officers. 15

16. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov The success of Virginia’s institutions of higher education resulted in: best practices in the prevention of crime –Many best practices in the prevention of crime and intervention to precursors of crime, –Desire to publicly recognize institutions for their efforts in prevention of crime, –Creation in 2013 of the Certified Crime Prevention Campus program. 16

17. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov Program Benefits Preference in DCJS Byrne Grant Marketing the College or University Strengthens federal grants applications requiring a demonstration of collaboration. Provides an excellent measure of prevention programs, identifies resources and serves as a quick reference historical document. 17

18. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov Certification Process The process is the same for all colleges and universities. The evaluation is not a comparison to others but evaluates what your institution is doing with your resources. 18 Small SmallResources BIG Resources BIG Resources

19. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov Certification Process The process for certification consists of five phases: Enrollment; Application Development; Application Review; Verification; and Board Review. 19

20. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov Enrollment Potential applicants must first enroll in the program before submitting any part of the CCP Campus application. Applicants are required to complete a: Statement of Intent and a Resolution of Participation Statement of Intent and a Resolution of Participation form Once DCJS receives both forms, the locality is officially enrolled in the program. 20

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23. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov Application Development Once enrolled, the locality begins to develop its CCP Campus application by preparing detailed summaries. Localities have twelve months to complete this process and may apply for an extension of up to six months if necessary. 23

24. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov Application Development DCJS will provide the Coordinator a suggested method of organizing the work in completing the application, providing the required proofs and facilitating easy review. DCJS staff has developed a review method that allows the applicant to maximize their completion of the application and shorten the review time required. 24

25. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov Summaries Submission/Review Summaries include: program history, program operation, goals and objectives, major accomplishments to date, and an evaluation of each core and optional program element. 25

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29. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov Questions??? Take time now to look at the Brochure and ask your questions regarding the particular elements, developing the history, accomplishments etc. 29

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31. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov Review and On-site Verification Once all elements are approved and finalized, the applicant will submit a hard copy with related proofs attached to DCJS staff for action. Once the subcommittee has reviewed the full application they will determine their recommendation for the full CJSB. Recommendations may be: -denial, -approval, -approval with conditions or, -extension for additional information to be received. 31

32. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov Approval DCJS Crime Prevention Staff will arrange for presentation of the first street sign and framed recognition. –Additional signs may be purchased by the applicant. –Appropriate venue for the official presentation will be selected by applicant and coordinated with DCJS staff. Applicants must undergo a recertification process every three years. 32

33. Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services www.dcjs.virginia.gov Final Questions? Rick Arrington 804-371-0863 richard.arrington@dcjs.virginia.gov 33