1. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Using SPSS for Windows Graziano and Raulin Research Methods This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: (1) Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; (2) Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; (3) Any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

2. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Starting SPSS for Windows From the Program List From the Program List –Click on Start Button –Click on All Programs –Click on the SPSS directory –Click on the SPSS program in the SPSS Directory May want to pin the program to your Start list May want to pin the program to your Start list

3. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Opening SPSS for Windows

4. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Entering Data SPSS opens with a menu of options (next slide) SPSS opens with a menu of options (next slide) To enter data, select Type in Data and click OK To enter data, select Type in Data and click OK –Each row representing one participant –Each column representing one variable Each variable should be defined with the Define Variable option (in the Data menu) Each variable should be defined with the Define Variable option (in the Data menu)

5. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Opening Screen of SPSS for Windows

6. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Data Entry Screen

7. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Entering Data

8. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Defining Variables To define the variables To define the variables 1. Select the Data menu 2. Select Define Variable Properties 3. Move the variables to be defined to the right box and click Continue

9. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Define Variable Window

10. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Define Variable Window Can define both the name and the properties of each variable in the data set Can define both the name and the properties of each variable in the data set Variable name Variable name –Can be up to 64 characters, but shorter names fit more easily into the output –Must be unique from all other variable names –Make the name meaningful Variable Type Variable Type –Defined in the Define Variable Type window

11. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Define Variable Properties Window

12. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Defining Properties For the first variable, we changed For the first variable, we changed –The label to “Subject” –The type to Numeric –The number of decimal points to zero This is just the subject identification number This is just the subject identification number We changed the other variable properties for the data in Table 5.2 and then entered the data, as shown in the next screen We changed the other variable properties for the data in Table 5.2 and then entered the data, as shown in the next screen

13. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Data Set from Table 5.2

14. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Saving Data for Later Analysis

15. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Data Analysis Start with descriptive statistics Start with descriptive statistics –Under Analyze menu, Descriptive Statistics submenu –Use Frequencies procedure for categorical data –Use Descriptives procedure for score data Graphs of the data can be produced using the Graphs menu Graphs of the data can be produced using the Graphs menu –Bar option produces a histogram –Line option produces a frequency polygon

16. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Frequencies Procedure

17. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Descriptives Procedure Note that when you request the Descriptives option, the only variables that are listed are those that produce numeric data Note that when you request the Descriptives option, the only variables that are listed are those that produce numeric data Compare this with the Frequencies option Compare this with the Frequencies option

18. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Defining a Bar Graph

19. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Measures of Relationship Crosstabs Crosstabs –(Analyze menu, Descriptive Statistics option) –Essentially a scatter plot for categorical data –Matrix of cells with frequencies representing the frequency of joint events Bivariate Correlations Bivariate Correlations –(Analyze menu, Correlate submenu) –Allows the computation of either a Pearson product-moment correlation or a Spearman rank-order correlation

20. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Crosstabs Procedure

21. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Bivariate Correlations Procedure

22. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Inferential Statistics Independent samples t-test Independent samples t-test –On Analyze menu, Compare Means submenu One-way ANOVA One-way ANOVA –On Analyze menu, Compare Means submenu Factorial ANOVA Factorial ANOVA –On Analyze menu, General Linear Models submenu

23. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Independent Samples t-test

24. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) One-Way ANOVA

25. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Data Structure for Two-Way ANOVA

26. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Factorial ANOVA Procedure

27. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Website Resources The textbook website has extensive descriptions of how to set up various analysis using SPSS for Windows The textbook website has extensive descriptions of how to set up various analysis using SPSS for Windows –Includes animations that walk you through the procedures The SPSS for Windows programs also have instructions under their Help menu The SPSS for Windows programs also have instructions under their Help menu

28. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon (2007) Summary SPSS for Windows can provide quick and easy computation of both descriptive and inferential statistics with just a few mouse clicks SPSS for Windows can provide quick and easy computation of both descriptive and inferential statistics with just a few mouse clicks Best to do both descriptive and inferential statistics in your analyses Best to do both descriptive and inferential statistics in your analyses SPSS will also do several different types of graphs SPSS will also do several different types of graphs