1. PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 411
Lesson 2A
Drilling Systems
Drilling Rigs
Drilling a Well

2. Homework Read ADE to p. 21 Learn the Definitions in Lesson 2B
ADE # 1.1, 1.2, (on the internet)
due Monday, September 8, 2003
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

3. Rotary Drilling CHAPTER 1 (ADE) Drilling Team Drilling Rigs
Rig Power System
Hoisting System
Circulating System . . .
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

4. Rotary Drilling - cont’d
The Rotary System
The Well Control System
Well-Monitoring System
Special Marine Equipment
Drilling Cost Analysis
Examples
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

5. From the Houston Chronicle, August 2001, 2002 and 2003
The Rig Count
From the Houston Chronicle, August 2001, 2002 and 2003
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

6. From the Houston Chronicle, Sunday, September 1, 2002
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

7. From the Houston Chronicle, Sunday, August 31, 2003
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

8. Noble Drilling’s Cecil Forbes A Jack-Up Rig
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

9. Sonat’s George Washington A Semi-Submersible Rig
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

10. Zapata’s Trader A Drillship
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

11. FLOATING PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
Deep Water Development Options
SUBSEA COMPLETIONS
FIXED PLATFORMS
COMPLIANT TOWERS
FLOATING PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
TENSION LEG PLATFORMS
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

12. 2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

13. TENSION LEG PLATFORM
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14. Shell’s Auger Tension Leg Platform
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
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15. Shell’s Bullwinkle World’s tallest offshore structure 1,353’ water depth Production began in ,000 b/d 80MM scf/d
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

16. To TENSIONERS SLIP JOINT MARINE RISER GUIDE LINES BOP STACK GUIDE BASE
MUDLINE
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

17. Fig. 1.3 - Typical drilling rig organization
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

18. Fig. 1.4 The rotary drilling process
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

19. Fig. 1.5 Classification of rotary drilling rigs
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
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20. Fig. 1.13 Engine power output
P = F . V
Power = Force * Velocity
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

21. TABLE 1.1 - HEATING VALUE OF VARIOUS FUELS
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

22. Solution: The angular velocity, w , is given by
Example 1.1. A diesel engine gives an output torque of 1,740 ft-lbf at an engine speed of 1,200 rpm. If the fuel consumption rate was 31.5 gal/hr, what is the output power and overall efficiency of the engine?
Solution: The angular velocity, w , is given by
w = 2p (1,200) = 7,539.8 rad/min.)
The power output can be computed using Eq.1.1
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

23. Since the fuel type is diesel, the density is 7.2
lbm/gal and the heating value H is 19,000 Btu/lbm (Table 1.1). Thus, the fuel consumption rate w f is:
wf = 3.78 lbm/min.
The total heat energy consumed by the engine is given by Eq. 1.2:
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

24. Efficiency = (Power Out / Power in)
Qi = w f H
Thus, the overall efficiency of the engine at 1,200
rpm given by Eq. 1.3 is
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

25. Drilling a Well Steps in Drilling a Well Duties of Drilling Engineer
Making a Connection
Making a Trip
Rig Selection Criteria
Derrick Loading
Definitions (Lesson 2B) (separate)
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

26. Steps to Drill A Gas/Oil Well
1. Complete or obtain seismic, log, scouting information or other data.
2. Lease the land or obtain concession.
3. Calculate reserves or estimate from best data available.
4. If reserve estimates show payout, proceed with well.
5. Obtain permits from conservation/ national authority.
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

27. Steps to Drill a Well - cont’d
6. Prepare drilling and completion program.
7. Ask for bids on footage, day work, or combination from selected drilling contractors based on drilling program.
8. If necessary, modify program to fit selected contractor equipment.
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

28. Steps to Drill a Well - cont’d
9. Construct road, location/platforms and other marine equipment necessary for access to site.
10. Gather all personnel concerned for meeting prior to commencing drilling
(pre-spud meeting)
11. If necessary, further modify program.
12. Drill well.
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

29. Steps to Drill a Well - cont’d
13. Move off contractor if workover unit is to complete the well.
14. Complete well.
15. Install surface facilities.
16. Analysis of operations with concerned personnel.
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

30. Drilling Operations Field Engineers, Drilling Foremen
A. Well planning prior to SPUD
B. Monitor drilling operations
C. After drilling, review drilling results and recommend future improvements - prepare report.
D. General duties.
What are the well requirements?
Objectives, safety, cost
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

31. Making a Connection Making a Trip
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
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32. Making a mouse hole connection
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33. Making a mouse hole connection - cont’d
Moving Kelly to Single in Mousehole
Single Added. Ready to Drill
Stabbing the Pipe
Making a mouse hole connection - cont’d
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

34. Making a trip Why trip? Use Elevators for Put Kelly in Rathole
tripping
Put Kelly in Rathole
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

35. Tripping one stand at a time
60-90 ft
Making a trip - cont’d
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
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36. Criteria for determining depth limitation
Derrick
Drawworks
Mud Pumps
Drillstring
Mud System
Blowout Preventer
Power Plant
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

37. LD = 2W (no friction in sheave)
T W
W W 2W
FIG 1-1 Simple Pulley System
T = W
LD = 2W (no friction in sheave)
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

38. W = 4 T T = W/4 LD = 6 T = 6 W/4 n = number of lines W = weight
(hook load)
LD = load on derrick
FIG 1-2 Block and Tackle System
Assuming no friction
W = 4 T T = W/4
LD = 6 T = 6 W/4
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

39. Example 1.1 (no friction)
The total weight of 9,000 ft of 9 5/8-inch casing for a deep well is determined to be 400,000 lbs. Since this will be the heaviest casing string run, the maximum mast load must be calculated. Assuming that 10 lines run between the crown and the traveling blocks and neglecting buoyancy effects, calculate the maximum load.
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

40. Solution:
The tension, T, will be distributed equally between the 10 lines. Therefore,
T = 400,000/10 = 40,000 lbf
The tension in the fast line and dead line will also be 40,000 lbf, so the total load is
40,000 X 12 = 480,000 lbf
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

41. Solution, cont. Example 1.1 demonstrates two additional points.
1. The marginal decrease in mast load decreases with additional lines.
2. The total mast load is always greater than the load being lifted.
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

42. A Rotary Rig Hoisting System
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

43. Projection of Drilling Lines on Rig Floor
TOTAL
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
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44. Load on Derrick (considering friction in sheaves)
Derrick Load = Hook Load
+ Fast Line Load
+ Dead Line Load
Fd = W + Ff + Fs×
E = overall efficiency, e.g., E = en = 0.98n
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

45. Example 1.2
A rig must hoist a load of 300,000 lbf. The drawworks can provide an input power to the block and tackle system as high as 500 hp. Eight lines are strung between the crown block and traveling block. Calculate
1. The static tension in the fast line when upward motion is impending,
2. the maximum hook horsepower available,
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

46. Example 1.2, cont. 3. the maximum hoisting speed,
4. the actual derrick load,
5. the maximum equivalent derrick load, and,
6. the derrick efficiency factor.
Assume that the rig floor is arranged as shown in Fig
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

47. Solution
1. The power efficiency for n = 8 is given as in Table 1.2. The tension in the fast line is given by Eq. 1.7.
Tension in the Fast Line,
( = )
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

48. Solution 2. The maximum hook horsepower available is
Ph = E·pi = 0.841(500) = hp.
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

49. Solution 3. The maximum hoisting speed is given by
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
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50. Solution to 3., cont. To pull a 90-ft stand would require
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

51. Solution 4. The actual derrick load is given by Eq.1.8b:
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

52. Solution 5. The maximum equivalent load is given by Eq.1.9:
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling

53. Solution 6. The derrick efficiency factor is:
2A. Rigs, Drilling a Well
PETE 411 Well Drilling