1. Multiculturalism as the Paradigm of the Postcolonial Development: the Russian glance at the British Multicultural Model Karnauhova Oxana, Russia

2. Types of multicultural societies (Goran Therborn, 1995) Those countries, which fell into existence before the modernity epoch (Russia, Habsburg monarchy); New World countries (Canada, USA); Colonial and Postcolonial societies (multicultural against their will); Postnational multicultural global community, which includes Western Europe.

3. Difficulties with European (British) Multiculturalism what the relevance of the term “multiculturalism” to the European social and cultural environment? what are the reasons of stereotypization of imperial history through decades? why colonials and then post-colonials were excluded from the British multicultural history?

4. British Empire in 1897

5. Britain and its Colonies

6. British “Multicultural” Model Etnicity has long counted for little in British tradition of politics The ethno-cultural difference was perceived as potential threat to the integrity of the nation-state The peripheralisation of race relations that is the colonial idea of indirect rule Conception of “multiculturalism in one nation” The mismanagement of religious diversity

7. Chronicle of the Changes 1500 - 1750 an emerging British vision of a new world order, that was a relationship between that mapping of England and the mapping of the world. 1750 - colonizing in North America. British had a strong sense of identity. the end of 19th century - the appearance of a unified British culture and a strong sense of British identity fuelled by the successful pursuit of a colonial empire overseas. 1947 - independence of India, that Britain had ruled was divided into two – India and Pakistan – and the following year Burma went its own way outside the Commonwealth. 1957- African colonies of Britain took their independence. 1958 - the Notting Hill riots. 1968 - the British Home secretary Roy Jenkins advocated a model of intergration in his speech. In 1976 the Race Relations Act was admitted and the Commission for Racial Equality was established.

8. References Brian Barry, 2001. – Brian Barry. Culture and Equality: An Egalitarian Critique of Multiculturalism. Polity Press, Cambridge, 2001 Goran Therborn, 1995. - Goran Therborn. European Modernity and Beyond. Routledge, London, 1995. John W. Berry, 1991. – John W. Berry. Sociopsychological Costs and Benefits of Multiculturalism. Economic Council of Canada, 1991 Will Kymlicka, 2000. - Will Kymlicka. Citizenship in the Culturally Diverse Societies: Issues, Contexts, Concepts/ Citizenship in Diverse Societies/ ed. by Will Kymlicka and Wayne Norman. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Joppke C., 2004 – Christian Joppke. Ethnic Diversity and the State // The British Journal of Sociology. 2004, Volume 55, Issue 3 Barry, B., 2001 – Brian Barry. Culture and Equality. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2001 Bennet D., 1998 – David Bennet. Multicultural States. Rethinking Difference and Identity. London: Routledge, 1998 Commission, 2000. – Report of the Commission on the Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain. Profile Books, London, 2000. Postcolonial Wales, 2005. – Postcolonial Wales/ed. by Jane Aaron and Chris Williams. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2005 Steven Vertovec, 1998 – Steven Vertovec. Multi-multiculturalisms// Multicultural policies and the state: a comparison of two European societies/ed. by Marco Martiniello. Utrecht University, the Netherlands, 1998, pp. 25-38 Stephen Castles, 1993. – Stephen Castles. The Age of Migration: International Movements in the Modern World/Stephen Castles and Mark J. Miller. London: MacMillan, 1993