1. Mesoclimate of the LBA-ECO Santarem Study Area David Fitzjarrald Ricardo Sakai Osvaldo Moraes Matt Czikowsky Otavio Acevedo Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira Junior CD-03 University at Albany, SUNY Universidade Federal de Santa Maria EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental

2. LBA-ECO weather station network Resurrected at the behest of the LBA Science Team (Miami meeting). Motivation: Determine regional biases/seasonal differences (develop a methodology to determine context in which flux observations are made.) * Study the physical basis for the river breeze identify mesoclimatic variabilities: Cloudiness (incident solar radiation) *Temperature/Humidity * Precipitation *gasp) support model studies… *Accommodate the few remaining literalists who use real (vs. reanalysis) data

3. LBA-ECO STM site special features… Large seasonal variation High correlation precipitation/ENSO signal World class amplitude semidiurnal atm P tide Strong influence river breeze/easterly interaction

4. Recent years in the LBA-ECO STM region: P bel P bel - P stm T stm U stm S O index Precipitacao CIRSAN

5. q sat Intraannual variability small but important… C p T L q RH smaller

6. This presentation from now on: Focus on diurnal variability ( & seasonal) Other (continuing) work Identify inland penetration of River breeze; frequency of occurrence; Gauge seasonal/interannual varibility; Minimize biases in standard climate data. Identify local wind circulations (e.g., Acevedo et al. presentation yesterday.)

7. Silva Dias et al., 2003 Cloudiness delineates the river….

8. Moore et al. 2001

9. Estacoes automaticas: (Campbell Sci.) Medidas: T, RH, K incidente, PAR incidente, T solo, Umidade solo, Pressao superficie, U, direccao, Precipitacao, GPS (relogio). 2 USFS (Keller), upgraded [julho 1998, Belterra, km117] 3 LBA-ECO [julho 2000, Jamaraqua, Mojui, Guarana] 3 EMBRAPA,upgraded [set 2002, Franca, CG, C-U]

10. Available hourly data, flux tower km67

11. Wind rose Available date km83 flux tower

12. Hourly data, LBA-ECO weather stations… River

13. Km 77 flux tower…..

14. wind rose

15. km67

17. Local sites always make a difference in wind observations. Fujita Transmission Factors, LBA-ECO WX stations.

19. km117 pasture site Jamaraqua Tapajos site

21. River sites Incident global short-wave radiation

22. Vila Franca

23. Specific humidity, double peaks show CBL birth/death

24. Std deviation of wind directionseparating the convective portion of the day…. Jamaraqua Franca Cacoal Grande

25. 2 C River stations

26. Maximum wind events…. k 2001 3501300 7.28 j 2003 84 1330 7.74 m 2001 204 0220 7.11 g 2002 19 1200 6.81 c 2001 54 1700 6.44 s 2003 37 2000 3.94 f 2002 681000 4.22 e 2002 208 0430 9.91 River

27. From Silva Dias et al., 2003 Sodar, Santarem airport……. NCL NCL river Observer report..

28. …and also look at interannual differences in the Onset of the wet season. NO clouds at night, dry season….

29. From before……

30. Radiative consequences of cloud cover…

31. River stations Standard deviation of global solar radiation….

32. q sat

33. (See CD-03: Czikowsky et al. poster for details on the ceilometer observations at km67)

35. The natural clock of the tropics….

36. River breeze mesoscale pressure gradient can extract from station data; looks like model simulation results(Silva Dias et al., 2003)

37. River-inland differences : 2 C temperature bias 20% cloud reduction in Kdn Still searching for the precipitation signal River breeze expressed actively for slack easterly cases. Cloud base determined by thermodynamics in cleared areas. Nocturnal winds appreciable only along river (a counter-current nocturnal river of air) River convective day and night.

38. Balao cativo –estudos no futuro……