2. Redefining America: Findings from the 2006 Latino National Survey Luis R. Fraga University of Washington John A. Garcia University of Arizona Rodney E. Hero University of Notre Dame Michael Jones-Correa Cornell University Valerie Martinez-Ebers University of North Texas Gary M. Segura University of Washington

3. Percent Hispanic of U.S. Population, 1960-2030 Source: Chapter 2. Multiple Origins, Uncertain Destinies. Adapted from Figure 2-2. Percent

4. Hispanic Births and Net Immigration by Decade: 1960-2030 Source: Chapter 2. Multiple Origins, Uncertain Destinies. Adapted from Figure 2-1. Millions

5. Source: Population Projections Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2002

6. Latino National Survey A “national” telephone survey of 8634 Latino residents of the United States, seeking a broad understanding of the qualitative nature of Latino political and social life in America A “national” telephone survey of 8634 Latino residents of the United States, seeking a broad understanding of the qualitative nature of Latino political and social life in America State-stratified samples that reach approximately 90% coverage of the national Latino population State-stratified samples that reach approximately 90% coverage of the national Latino population Approximately 40 minutes (length and number of questions depends on split-samples, etc) Approximately 40 minutes (length and number of questions depends on split-samples, etc) English and Spanish English and Spanish Universe is All Latino adults, not citizens or voters Universe is All Latino adults, not citizens or voters

7. Themes within the Survey Survey includes…many of the questions or topics you have grown to love from existing surveys, whenever possible to ensure comparability;Survey includes…many of the questions or topics you have grown to love from existing surveys, whenever possible to ensure comparability;  Questions submitted by various political scientists specifically targeted at states;  Questions suggested by the advisory board Beyond the standard, we focused on transnationalism, identity, inter-group and intra-group relations, gender, education, policy preferences, discrimination, mobilization and overall political orientationsBeyond the standard, we focused on transnationalism, identity, inter-group and intra-group relations, gender, education, policy preferences, discrimination, mobilization and overall political orientations Some questions specific to foreign born, non-citizens, registered voters, and residents of specific statesSome questions specific to foreign born, non-citizens, registered voters, and residents of specific states

8. Stratified Structure The survey is stratified, that is, creates stand-alone samples in 15 states and the DC Metro area allowing us to speak to specific political contexts  Arizona400  Arkansas400  California 1200  Colorado400  DC-SMSA400  Florida800  Georgia400  Illinois600  Iowa400  Nevada400  New Jersey400  New Mexico400  New York800  North Carolina400  Texas800  Washington400  TOTAL 8600

9. Florida Sub-samples Metro Miami Area: 481 Metro Miami Area: 481 Metro Orlando: 86 Metro Orlando: 86 Tampa / St. Petersburg : 79 Tampa / St. Petersburg : 79 Rest of the State: 154 Rest of the State: 154

10. Sources of Funding Annie E. Casey Foundation Annie E. Casey Foundation Carnegie Corporation Carnegie Corporation Ford Foundation Ford Foundation Hewlett Foundation Hewlett Foundation Irvine Foundation Irvine Foundation Joyce Foundation Joyce Foundation Kellogg Foundation Kellogg Foundation National Science Foundation National Science Foundation Russell Sage Foundation Russell Sage Foundation Texas A&M University: MALRC, PERG Texas A&M University: MALRC, PERG

11. Demographics in the Latino National Survey

12. Latino Diversity Census Bureau (American Community Survey, Released August 2006) Mexican 63.9% Puerto Rican 9% Cuban 3.5% Salvadoran 2.9% Dominican 2.7% Guatemalan 1.7% Colombian 1.8% ALL OTHERS 14.3% Native-born (not Island-born): 35.4% Foreign-born 61% Island-born PR 3.6% No high school diploma 43% College graduate 11.1% Latino National Survey (unweighted N) Summer 2006 *Mexican 66.1% (5704) *Puerto Rican 9.5% (822) *Cuban 4.9% (420) *Salvadoran 4.7% (407) *Dominican 3.9% (335) *Guatemalan 1.7% (149) *Colombian 1.6% (139) *All Others 7.6% *Native-born 28.4% (2450) *Foreign-born (adults) 66.2% (5717) *Island-born PR 5.4% (467) *No high school diploma 37% *College graduate 16.2% 44 million Latinos in the US

13. Country of Origin for Florida Latinos by Sampling Area of the Latino National Survey Nation Florida Miami* Orlando Tampa Rest Nation Florida Miami* Orlando Tampa Rest Area Area Area of state Area Area Area of state Cuban 3.9 30.0 81.9 3.0 7.6 7.6 Mexican 63.9 16.3 22.5 7.8 15.5 54.3 Puerto Ricans 9.0 21.0 16.9 31.3 16.9 27.1 Dominicans 2.7 9.9 88.5 5.1 3.8 2.6 Central Amer. 2.0 9.0 4.2 3.2 4.2 11.3 South Amer. 24.2 12.4 73.5 9.2 6.2 10.2 The totals for each national origin group is close to 100% across each row starting in the * column

14. Nativity Status for Florida Latinos 18 Years and Older Nation Florida Miami Orlando Tampa Rest of Nation Florida Miami Orlando Tampa Rest of Metro Metro Metro State Metro Metro Metro State Born Outside U.S. 66.7 85.6 88.6 83.7 77.2 81.8 Born U.S. 28.6 14.4 11.4 16.3 22.8 18.2 28.6 14.4 11.4 16.3 22.8 18.2 Naturalized*30.1 51.9 59.5 44.4 38.1 27.8 * Percentage is based upon the number of Latinos who have naturalized divided by the total foreign born Latinos

15. Generational Status for Florida Latinos Florida Miami Orlando Tampa Rest of Metro Metro Metro State Florida Miami Orlando Tampa Rest of Metro Metro Metro State Gen 1 87.3 89.5 86.7 80.3 84.0 Gen 1 87.3 89.5 86.7 80.3 84.0 Gen 2 12.8 8.6 10.8 10.5 10.0 Gen 2 12.8 8.6 10.8 10.5 10.0 Gen 3 9.3.2 1.2 1.3 2.7 Gen 3 9.3.2 1.2 1.3 2.7 Gen 4+ 8.7 1.7 1.2 7.9 3.3 Gen 4+ 8.7 1.7 1.2 7.9 3.3

16. Latino-ness: Extent of Latino Pan-Ethnicity

17.  Are there commonalities of culture and history?  Are there commonalities of interests and circumstances ?  Do Institutions cluster Spanish origin sub-groups as one group?  Mass media (both English and Spanish speaking) does characterize and make appeals as Latinos/Hispanics.  Organizations and leaders promote the idea of Latinos as a community. Pan-Ethnicity and Latinos

18. Latino sub-groups in Florida* None/Little Some/ A Lot Cubans 70 (29.5%) 133 (56.1%) Puerto Ricans 41 (24.7) 113 (68.1) Mexicans 29 (22.5) 92 (71.3) Dominicans 16 (20.5) 55 (70.5) South Americans 27 (27.5) 60 (61.2) Central Americans 27 (36.6) 39 (54.9) Individual Latino Linked Fate: How much does your “doing well” depend on other Latinos/Hispanics also doing well? A lot, some, a little, or not at all? * Statistically significant at.05

19. Latino Linked Fate How much does [your ethnic subgroup] “doing well” depend on how other Hispanics or Latinos also doing well? A lot, some, a little, or not at all? Latino sub-groups in Florida* None/Little Some/ A Lot Cubans 52 (21.9%) 154 (65.0) Puerto Ricans 35 (21.0) 120 (72.3) Mexicans 24 (18.6) 95 (73.6) Dominicans 14 (17.9) 57 (83.1) South Americans 15 (15.3) 68 (69.4) Central Americans 20 (26.8) 47 (66.2) Statistically not significant

21. Among Multiple Identities- What is The Primary Identification among Latino Sub-Groups Latino sub-groups in Florida American National Origin Pan-ethnic(Latino) Cuban 64 (27.0%) 59 (24.9%) 91 (38.4%) Puerto Rican 35 (21.1) 43(28.9) 77 (46.4) Mexican 10 (7.8) 47 (36.4) 61 (47.3) Dominican 10 (12.8) 25 (32.1) 35 (44.9) South American 24 (24.5) 32 (32.7) 34 (34.7) Central American 16 (22.5) 31 (43.7) 21 (29.6) Statistically significant @.055

22. Latino Sub-groups None/A Little Some/ A Lot Cubans 51 (21.5%) 168 (68.(%) Puerto Ricans 31 (18.7) 122 (73.4) Mexicans 35 (27.1) 85 (65.9) Dominicans 13 (16.6) 58 (74.4) South Americans 18 (18.4) 72 (73.5) Central Americans 20 (28.2) 48 (67.6) Not statistically significant

23. Perceptions of Common Political Interests : Now thinking about things like government services and employment, political power, and representation, how much do you have in common with other Latinos/Hispanics? Would you say you have a lot in common, some in common, little in common, or nothing at all in common? LATINO SUB-GROUPS None/ Little Some/ A Lot Cuban 83 (35.0%) 126 (53.2%) Puerto Ricans 43 (25.9) 106 (63.8) Mexicans 52 (40.3) 69 (53.5) Dominicans 27 (34.6) 43 (55.1) South Americans 33 (33.7) 57 (57.1) Central Americans 31 (43.6) 34 (57.9) Statistically significant @ <.05

24. LATINO GROUP PERCEPTIONS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC COMMONALITIES Thinking about issues like job opportunities, education or income, how much do your ethnic subgroup have in common with other Latinos or Hispanics? Would you say [ethnic subgroup] share a lot in common, some things in common, little in common, or nothing in common with other Latinos? LATINO SUB-GROUPS IN FLORIDA NONE/ LITTLE SOME/ A LOT Cubans 43 (18.2%) 170 (71.2%) Puerto Ricans 22 (13.2) 133 (80.2) Mexicans 15 (19.4) 93 (72.1) Dominicans 11 (14.1) 63 (80.7) South Americans 15 (15.3) 76 (77.6) Central Americans 11 (15.5) 57 (80.3) NOT STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT

25. LATINO GROUP PERCEPTIONS OF POLITICAL COMMONALITIES Now thinking about things like government services and employment, political power and representation, how much do [ethnic subgroup] have in common with other Hispanics or Latinos? Would you say [ethnic subgroup] share a lot in common, some things in common, little in common, or nothing in common with other LATINO SUB-GROUPS IN FLORIDA NONE/ LITTLE SOME/ A LOT Cubans 44 (18.6%) 163 (78.7%) Puerto Ricans 37 (22.3) 118 (71.0) Mexicans 36 (27.9) 78 (60.5) Dominicans 18 (23.0) 53 (67.9) South Americans 34 (34.7 55 (56.2) Central Americans 24 (33.8) 42 (59.2) Statistically significant @<.05

26. Assimilation, Values, and Identity

27. Language Preference Among Florida’s Latinos Language of Interview Florida Metro Miami Metro Orlando Metro Tampa Rest of State English 229 (28.6%) 128 (26.6%) 31 (36.0%) 22(27.8%)48(31.2%) Spanish 571 (71.4%) 353 (73.4) 55 (64.0) (64.0)57(72.2%)106(68.8)

28. Importance of Learning English Among Florida’s Latinos Importance of Learning English Florida Metro Miami Metro Orlando Metro Tampa Rest of State Not important at all 3 (.4%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (1.2%) 1 (1.3%) 1 (.6%) Not very important 6 (.8) 2 (.4) 3 (3.5) 1 (1.3) 0 (0.0) Somewhat important 32 (4.0) 15 (3.1) 6 (7.0) 2 (2.5) 9 (5.8) Very important 759 (94.9) 464 (96.5) 76 (88.4) 75 (94.9) 144 (93.5)

29. Importance of Retaining Spanish Among Florida’s Latinos Importance of Retaining Spanish Florida Metro Miami Metro Orlando Metro Tampa Rest of State Not important at all 3 (.4%) 3(.6%) 0 (0.0%) Not very important 9 (1.1) 5 (1.0) 1 (1.2) 2 (2.5) 1 (.6) Somewhat important 58 (7.3) 28 (5.8) 9 (10.5) 11 (13.9) 10 (6.5) Very important 730 (91.3) 445 (92.5) 76 (88.4) 66 (83.5) 143 (92.9) Question: How important do you think it is for you and your family to maintain the ability to speak Spanish?

30. Importance of Learning English/ Retaining Spanish across Generations for Florida’s Latinos 1 st Gen 2 nd Gen 3 rd Gen 4 th Gen How important do you think it is that everyone in the United States learn English? Somewhat3.45.50.00.0 Very96.291.885.795.0 How important do you think it is for you or your family to maintain the ability to speak Spanish? Somewhat7.36.80.05.0 Very91.493.2100.090.0 Statistically significant @<.05

31. Preferences for Cultural Assimilation and Distinctness 1 st** FL 1 st** FL 2 nd FL 2 nd FL 3 rd FL 4 th FL Importance of Changing to Blend into Larger Society* Somewhat 26.2 22.3 33.3 32.9 34.7 42.9 37.5 35.0 Very 61.4 67.3 44.6 45.2 40.6 57.1 35.7 30.0 Importance of Maintaining Distinct Culture Somewhat 16.2 14.2 18.3 16.4 20.3 14.3 26.1 35.0 Very 78.6 81.7 75.8 80.8 72.9 85.7 66.7 65.0 Support for blending into the larger culture and for maintaining a distinct culture are positively and significantly related (r=.115): Support for blending into the larger culture and for maintaining a distinct culture are positively and significantly related (r=.115): Not seen as an either/or proposition * Statistically significant @ <.05 ** Represents overall national responses

32. Latinos and Partisanship

33. Patterns of Partisanship: National and Florida Overall U.S. Born FL Born Outside FL U.S. Democrat 44.83 59.12 40.35 37.02 30.19 Republican 17.69 20.32 28.95 16.25 29.84 Independent 8.28 5.53 7.02 9.78 9.60 Don’t Care 13.08 5.12 11.84 17.43 14.31 Don’t Know 16.12 9.91 11.84 19.51 16.06

34. Partisanship Among Citizens in U.S. and Florida U.S. FL Naturalized FL Reg. FL Not Reg. FL U.S. FL Naturalized FL Reg. FL Not Reg. FL Democrat 59.1 40.2 47.7 42.7 59.8 37.6 41.6 32.0 Republican 20.3 28.9 22.1 33.7 22.3 38.8 15.9 24.0 Independent 5.5 7.1 8.3 6.7 6.1 7.7 7.8 2.7 Don’t Care 5.1 11.9 8.8 7.9 3.8 7.1 14.4 22.7 Don’t Know 9.9 11.8 13.1 9.0 8.0 8.9 20.4 18.7

38. Patterns of Partisanship- Florida NationFLMiamiArea Orlando Area Tampa Area Other Florida Cubans Non- Cubans Strong Democrat 23.920.620.617.524.021.617.621.8 Democrat23.914.513.220.620.016.24.818.7 Leans Democrat 15.511.211.812.74.08.16.613.2 Indepen- dent 11.712.411.37.914.016.28.114.4 Leans Republican 10.09.89.31.612.012.611.59.1 Republican8.815.715.822.214.013.519.214.3 Strong Republican 6.215.918.017.512.011.732.78.6

42. Partisanship and Gender among Florida’s Latinos MaleFemale Democrat 45.3% 44.5% Republican 20.0 15.6 Independent 9.1 7.5 Don’t Care 11.9 14.2 Don’t Know 13.7 18.3

43. Citizenship and Issue Positions: Problem Facing the Country- National and Florida Citizen FL Non-citizen FL Citizen FL Non-citizen FL Iraq War 30.1 35.0 33.0 37.6 Economy 14.2 15.8 12.1 12.1 Illegal Immigration 9.0 6.3 15.0 9.5 Immigration 9.0 6.3 15.0 9.5Education/ Schools 4.1 2.2 1.1 1.6 Schools 4.1 2.2 1.1 1.6 Other 12.3 11.7 7.0 8.8 “What do you think is THE one most important problem facing the country today?”

44. Partisanship and Issue Positions: Problem Facing the Country Democrat FL Republican FL Independent FL Democrat FL Republican FL Independent FL Iraq War 34.0 34.5 29.9 40.3 27.5 36.6 Economy 14.6 17.4 12.9 13.1 12.7 12.7 Illegal Immigration 9.5 7.6 12.7 5.5 16.9 9.9 Immigration 9.5 7.6 12.7 5.5 16.9 9.9Education/ Schools 3.9 2.7 2.3 1.3 1.5 1.4 Schools 3.9 2.7 2.3 1.3 1.5 1.4 Other 10.5 11.7 12.8 11.0 10.9 8.5 “What do you think is THE one most important problem facing the country today?”

45. Partisanship and Issue Positions: Preferred Party to Address Problem Facing Country Dems FL Reps FL Neither FL Don’t FL Dems FL Reps FL Neither FL Don’t FL Know Know Democrat 38.2 41.9 6.4 5.8 40.1 37.4 14.5 15.0 Republican 8.8 4.2 30.4 41.1 45.6 44.1 15.3 10.6 Independent 12.4 2.7 6.2 3.9 51.6 58.2 29.7 35.3 Don’t Care 6.6 5.2 4.1 5.5 42.5 46.3 46.8 43.0 Don’t Know 5.9 6.7 4.9 10.0 34.3 30.1 54.9 53.3 “Which political party do you think has a better approach to address this problem?”

46. Citizenship and Issue Positions: Problem Facing Latinos Citizen FL Non-citizen FL Citizen FL Non-citizen FLIllegal Immigration 25.4 25.0 34.6 39.8 Immigration 25.4 25.0 34.6 39.8Education/ Schools 13.8 12.0 3.6 2.9 Schools 13.8 12.0 3.6 2.9 Unemp/Jobs 11.6 9.2 12.7 13.4 Iraq War 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.0 Other 12.8 15.5 9.1 7.9 “What do you think is THE one most important problem facing the Latino community today?”

47. Partisanship and Issue Positions: Problem Facing Latinos Democrat FL Republican FL Independent FL Democrat FL Republican FL Independent FLIllegal Immigration 27.8 30.3 28.1 27.9 33.2 37.3 Immigration 27.8 30.3 28.1 27.9 33.2 37.3Education/ Schools 12.9 10.6 9.5 10.7 6.0 6.2 Schools 12.9 10.6 9.5 10.7 6.0 6.2 Unemp./Jobs 12.2 9.5 12.0 15.4 12.1 6.5 Iraq War 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.1 1.6 1.6 Other 12.4 15.6 13.5 14.0 10.9 10.6 “What do you think is THE one most important problem facing the Latino community today?”

48. Partisanship and Issue Positions: Preferred Party to Address Problem Facing Latinos Dems FL Reps FL Neither FL Don’t FL Dems FL Reps FL Neither FL Don’t FL Know Know Democrat 41.7 46.8 5.7 2.5 37.7 36.9 14.9 13.8 Republican 12.9 9.3 24.5 32.2 42.2 41.2 20.4 17.3 Independent 10.0 7.8 7.7 8.6 50.3 48.9 32.1 34.7 Don’t Care 8.7 6.2 4.1 6.9 41.8 37.7 45.4 49.2 Don’t Know 7.6 10.3 4.3 3.0 30.4 31.5 57.8 55.2 “Which political party do you think has a better approach to address this problem?”

49. Public Policy Issues and Cuba

50. Resumption of U.S. Diplomatic Relations with Cuba

51. First GenerationSecond Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Positions on Diplomatic Relations with Cuba by Generation

52. Position on Diplomatic Relations with Cuba by Ideology

53. Latino National Survey Executive Summary Demographic Tables Background Tables Questionnaire and Toplines Available at the website of the Washington Institute for the Study of Ethnicity, Race, and Sexuality (WISER), University of Washington, Seattle: http://depts.washington.edu/uwiser/LNS.shtml