1. The Hispanic Community of Paterson N.J.
Analysis of the effects of culture on health practices
Barbara Psaroudis R.N.
This presentation will look at the demographic data available from local state and federal sources, that describe economic and health factors of hispanics in general, and the community of Paterson NJ, whenever possible. Federal census data from 2010 is still being compiled and analyzed, and in many cases the data from Census 2000 must be used.

2. Objectives of Presentation
To understand the role that culture plays in health practices in the community
To examine beliefs that impede or enhance health and wellness
To analyze group patterns in order to facilitate positive change
To propose solutions that will promote healthier lifestyles
The objective of any research project should not be just the gathering of data and the rehashing of statistics, but examining the usefulness of such information and the proposal of a question such as “ how can we use this information to effect a positive change?”

3. Politicians and Policy makers Community Health Workers
Nurses
Social Workers
Politicians and Policy makers
Community Health Workers
Hospital Administrators
Physicians
Clergy
Health Care Workers
Target Audience
All health care workers should have an interest in promoting healthy practices, and understanding those cultural factors that impede access. The overuse of Emergency Rooms and the preponderance of often preventable illnesses in the Hispanic Community force us to consider the economic considerations as well as the human cost in lives and quality of life healthsciences.okstate.edu

4. Outline of Presentation
Description of target population
Analysis of health beliefs
Illness needs of community
Management of health and illness needs
Summary and Analysis

5. Paterson Population Demographics 2009
Hispanic - 83,086 (56.7%)
Black alone - 42,327 (28.9%)
White alone - 17,858 (12.2%)
Asian alone - 3,190 (2.2%)
Other race alone - 1,120 (0.8%)
Two or more races (0.4%)
beinglatino.wordpress.com(picture)

6. Population Demographics Comparison
2000 U.S. Census
**Pew Hispanic Center
2000 U.S. Census
Paterson
149,222
Hispanic– 50.1%
Median household income $ 32,778
29.1% of Hispanics in Paterson live in poverty**
New Jersey 8,414,350
Hispanic– 13.3%
Median household income-$55,146

7. Races in Paterson Hispanics currently acHreHipresent over 50% of HH
Education tEhe Paterson EpElation8.2%
29.8%
Races in Paterson
EDUCATION
Bachelor's degree or higher, percent of persons age 25+, 2000 –8.2%
EDUCATION
High school graduates,
percent of persons age 25+, %
Paterson statistics for year 2000

8. Passaic County Total Population 489,049 100 %
Number %
Passaic County Total Population 489, %
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 146, % -
Mexican , %
Puerto Rican , %
Cuban , %
Other Hispanic or Latino , %
Not Hispanic or Latino , %
Passaic County contains Paterson, its largest city and county seat. Data at city level for types of Hispanics is not available

9. Religious Beliefs
Majority are Catholic with increasing presence of Pentecostals
Health is a gift from God and should not be taken for granted
Prevention of illness
through prayer

10. . ETHNOGERIATRIC CURRICULUM MODULE
Health and Health Care of HISPANIC/LATINO AMERICAN ELDERS Melissa Talamantes, Robert Lindeman, Charles Mouton,

11. Social Customs Elders have prestigious status
Family often looks to elders for advice
Paternalism– male- dominated family
Family often turns to home remedies
More emotionally expressive
Expectation of being pampered when ill
aging.maryland.gov-- picture

12. Language 40.3% of residents of Paterson speak English at home.
50.7% of residents speak Spanish at home (49% speak English very well,
51% speak English less than very well).
**Language can be a barrier is accessing Healthcare System :

13. Nutrition
Latino families face disproportionately high rates of hunger, food insecurity, and obesity.
Access to nutritious food is key in addressing these conditions.
Need to improve nutrition in the Latino community by increasing access to federal food assistance programs, resources, and education.
“Healthy Foods, Healthy Families “ NCLR National Council of La Raza

14. OBESITY One in four Hispanic adults living in the U. S. was obese
(having a Body Mass Index of 30
or more).
More than one in six (16.8%)
Hispanic high school students is
overweight.
Food insecurity affects 21.7% of Latino
households compared to 8.6% of
non-Hispanics
Hispanics' rates of being overweight are significantly higher than white high schoolers (11.8%) Greater reliance on high-calorie and high-fat foods associated with poverty and food insecurity Hispania News no date
Hispania News no date

15. Obesity and Activity
Diminished physical activity: Nearly half ( 47.6%) of all Hispanics live in central city households which often lack opportunities to be physically active
Many poor urban families typically live in neighborhoods where getting exercise and being able to play outside is less feasible and even dangerous.

16. Education
According to a 2007 U.S. Census Bureau report, 61 percent of Hispanics in comparison to 89 percent non-Hispanic Whites have a high school diploma percent of Hispanics in comparison to 30.5 percent of non-Hispanic whites have a bachelor’s degree.

17. Health Practices
“Present-oriented” society leading to neglect of preventative care
Birth control other than rhythm is unacceptable due to Catholicism
Most see thinness as a problem and plumpness as the ideal
Turn to family and friends to problem
solve before Social Workers
Curandero—holistic healer
picture from xpter.info

18. Health Concerns
Leading causes of illness and death among Hispanics, which include heart disease, cancer, unintentional injuries (accidents), stroke, and diabetes (CDC).
Other health conditions and risk factors that significantly affect Hispanics are: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HIV/AIDS, obesity, suicide, and liver disease.

19. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)
Gonorrhea prevalence rate among Hispanics/Latinos was 69.2.  This rate is 1.9 times higher than the 2007 rate among whites (34.7 cases per 100,000 population).
Chlamydia prevalence rate among Hispanics/Latinos (473.2) was also three times higher than that of whites (162.3) in 2007.
Syphilis prevalence rate increased 22.9% among Hispanics/Latinos (from 3.5 to 4.3 per 100,000 population). (from )

20. Diabetes
Mexican American adults were 2 times more likely than non-Hispanic white adults to have been diagnosed with diabetes by a physician.
In 2005 Hispanics were 1.6 times as likely as non-Hispanic Whites to die from diabetes.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD).
Male Hispanics had substantially
higher proportions of ESRD
attributed to diabetes
than did Blacks or Whites,

21. TB
Tuberculosis (TB)
For the fourth consecutive year, Hispanics/Latinos exceeded all other racial or ethnic groups with the largest percentage (29%) of total cases in the United States.  

22. HIV/AIDS
Hispanics/Latinos are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS. The overall prevalence rate for Hispanics/Latinos (585 cases per 100,000 population) was nearly three times the rate for whites (224 cases per 100,000 population).
In 2005, HIV/AIDS was the fourth leading cause of death among Hispanic/Latino men and women aged 35 to 44 years.

23. Health Promotion and Disease Prevention.
a. Cervical Cancer. Because of the very high incidence of cervical cancer among Hispanic/Latino women, special attention to appropriate screening is recommended.
b. Diabetes. Periodic blood glucose monitoring for Puerto Rican and Mexican American elders is recommended because of the high incidence of diabetes,
c. Depression. Appropriate assessment of depression is important, especially among less acculturated older women.
(Espino et al, 2000)
Espino in Bibliography section

24. Economic Roadblocks Hispanics are
more likely to be uninsured than whites or African- Americans,
face elevated rates of obesity, diabetes, and asthma.
latinopoliticsblog.com for picture obesity
latina.com for diabetes
Hispanic Population Health Issues Portend Challenges For Health Care System
KHN Kaiser Health News April 1,

25. Community Resources
Hispanic Multi-Purpose Services Center 911 East 23rd Street, Paterson, NJ (973) Relocation assistance, shelter, housing, emergency food, education, and employment services.
Hogar Infantil Main Street, Paterson, NJ (973) A child development and day care center open to all residents of Paterson, with before- and after-school programs for income-eligible families.
Community Action for Social Affairs (CASA) Mill Street, Paterson, NJ (973)
Provides employment services, emergency food, vouchers, translation services

26. Abstract
Hispanics are currently the largest ethnic minority group in the United States and are expected to comprise approximately 30% of the total U.S. population by More generally, barring significant policy changes, immigrants and their descendants across all ethnic groups will account for most population growth during the next several decades(Pew Hispanic Center, 2008). As these trends indicate, there is an urgent need for research focused on Hispanic health
Paterson N.J. is an urban city, located in northern N.J., just 25 miles from New York City. Its Hispanic residents face crime, poor education, and increasing health problems, for the most part brought on by poverty, language barriers and decreased access to primary care physicians

27. References