1. The Present Hispanic Demographic Revolution Presented by: Harry P. Pachon, Ph.D. Professor of Public Policy University of Southern California, President, Tomás Rivera Policy Institute

2. U.S. Hispanic Population Surpasses 45 Million Now 15 Percent of Total The nation’s Hispanic population increased 1.4 million to reach 45.5 million on July 1, 2007, or 15.1 percent of the estimated total U.S. population of 301.6 million. National and state estimates by race, Hispanic origin, sex and age released today by the U.S. Census Bureau also show that the Hispanic population exceeded 500,000 in 16 states. RELEASED: THURSDAY, MAY 1, 2008

3. Latino Diaspora: 1970 9 States Where Latinos Outnumbered Blacks and Asians: 1970 Census

4. Latino Diaspora: 1990 13 States Where Latinos Outnumbered Blacks and Asians: 1990 Census

5. Latino Diaspora: 2000 23 States Where Latinos Outnumbered Blacks and Asians: 2000 Census

7. How Large is the U.S. Latino Community? U.S. Latino Population Compared to Other Spanish-Speaking Populations 1.Mexico106 million 2.U.S. Latino45 million 3. Colombia43 million 4. Spain40 million 5. Argentina40 million Source: CIA World Factbook, 2005 & U.S. Census

8. Hispanic Enrollment in Texas School Districts 2007-08 Dallas ISDFt. Worth ISDHouston ISD 1 st grade69%61%63% 6 th grade65%58%59% 12 th grade55%47%50%

9. Hispanic Enrollment in California School Districts 2007-08 Los Angeles USD San Diego USD San Francisco USD 1 st grade74.5 %45.8 %25.4 % 6 th grade74.1 %45.4 %21.9 % 12 th grade65.1 %35.1 %15.4 %

10. Hispanic Enrollment in New Jersey School Districts 2007-08 Essex County (Newark) Passaic County (Paterson) Union County (Elizabeth City) 1 st grade20.8%46.7%34.0% 6 th grade20.5%42.9%26.2% 12 th grade16.8%35.0%22.2%

11. Hispanic Enrollment in Las Vegas Clark County School District 2007-08 GradePercentageEnrollment 1 st grade 44.2 %11,083 6 th grade 40.4 %9,736 12 th grade 49.5%4,612

12. The Present Hispanic Demographic Revolution in Context: a. Historical Discrimination re: three-tiered schools system in locales such as Pomona and Ontario, California b. Rise of Ethnic Stereotype re: education c. Past Immigration policies 1. Bracero Program 2. No quotas for Western Hemisphere countries 3. Visa backlog not as large d. Recent immigration policies 1. IRCA 2. Increased border enforcement 3. Huge visa backlogs

13. Overall Results Relatively recent “incentivization” of permanent residency post-1970 Large percentage of Foreign-Born parents

14. Age Pyramids for Hispanics of Mexican Origin by Nativity (2000)

16. College Knowledge demonstrated: 60% of Latino parents could not answer more than 3 questions on college education However, 90% wanted their child to attend college

17. Parent College Knowledge Mini-Test 1. From what you know, are advanced placement classes often counted towards college credits? 2. From what you know, do colleges usually value a grade earned in advance placement course more highly than a grade received in a regular course? 3. From what you know, do college prep course include a two-year foreign language course other than English?

18. Parent College Knowledge Mini-Test 4. From what you know, in what grade should your child start college prep courses? 5. From what you know, does a community college usually offer the same bachelor’s degree that a university offers? 6. To the best of our knowledge, which of the following tests is intended to give colleges a measure of your child’s knowledge in specific subjects? Is it the Scholastic Aptitude Test II (or SAT-2), or the Graduate Record Exam (or GRE)?

19. Parent College Knowledge Mini-Test 7. To the best of your knowledge, is a non- citizen, permanent resident eligible to receive federal student financial aid? 8. To the best of your knowledge, are the resident tuition and fees about the same for a four-year state college as they are for a two- year community college?

20. Perspectives of College Costs, Benefits, and Financial Aid Among California Latino Youth

21. Surprisingly, however, a majority of Latino youth (51%) and parents (68%) reported not receiving information about college financial aid Fifty-six percent of College Potentials did not receive financial aid information while they were enrolled in Kindergarten through twelfth grades. On the other hand, fifty-nine percent of College Achievers received financial aid information. YG12: Did you get information or advice about college financial aid while you were enrolled in Kindergarten through 12 th grade? Base: Youth, N=1,204 Received college financial aid information during K-12

22. PG13: Did you get information or advice about college financial aid while your child was enrolled in Kindergarten through grade 12? Base: Parents, N=1222 A majority of parents reported that they did not receive any information about college financial aid while their child was in grades K-12. Parents of College Achievers were more likely to get info while their child was enrolled in K-12. Majority of parents did not get financial aid information in K through 12 Received college financial aid information during K-12

23. “Cognition Not Culture” a. Policy Implications range from bilingual web sites, college catalogues, appropriate language level to bilingual college recruiters b. Support college knowledge incorporated into high school / middle school curricula c. Support and promote college knowledge with Spanish-language PSAs

24. Address “Myths” Myth of Impermanency Myth of Low Aspirations

25. Latino College Education is not solely a “Latino Issue”

26. For further information, please contact www.trpi.orgwww.trpi.org