1. Unit 1 - Foundations of America - Explorers Main Idea3 Europeans Interest in the New World

2. Part 1 – The Spanish and Portuguese Reach America 600 years ago new navigational skills and technology made it easier to sail farther. Gunpowder allowed Europeans to create strong armies Interest in trade in Asia (spices) and Africa (gold) encourage nations to explore other lands

3. The World in 1400

4. Prince Henry of Portugal (1394-1460) Established a school of navigation for sailors and mapmakers Collected information about stars, tides, and ocean currents. Under his direction, the Portuguese began sailing southward, exploring the west coast of Africa.

5. Lands explored due to Prince Henry The west coast of Africa will eventually be the staging area for the African slave trade many years after the Portuguese began exploring this area Not even I knew what was beyond the equator

6. Henry the Navigator

7. Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) Italian navigator who sailed for Spain Thought the lands spotted in the Caribbean was the East Indies, he called the inhabitants “Indians”. Made several voyages to the Americas establishing the first Spanish settlement there.

8. The Adventures of Columbus Early YearsLater Years

9. Ferdinand Magellan (1480-1521) Portuguese sailor, led first expedition of ships around the world in 1519 Was the first to circumnavigate (sail around) the world during a 3 year, 40,000 mile voyage (only 18 original members survived)

10. “Gelling” Around the World

12. Spain vs. Portugal In order to prevent conflict between the two nations, the Pope created an imaginary line that divided the New World between them. This was known as the Line of Demarcation As a result of the Treaty Of Tordesillas (1494) the line will be moved 800 miles to give Portugal greater land opportunities. Portugal got the Eastern Hemisphere Spain got the Western Hemisphere

13. Following the Explorers Following the explorers came the conquerors, missionaries and colonists. Conquerors defeated Native Americans and seized their lands and riches (gold + silver) Missionaries hoped to convert Native Americans to Christianity Colonists looked for new opportunities that did not exist in the home country

14. On The Back! Create a 3 circle Venn Diagram and compare and contrast the similarities and differences between Henry The Navigator, Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan. (take about 5 minutes) Columbus MagellanHenry

15. Europeans vs. Native Americans Three things will help Europeans defeat Native Americans Technology (gun powder, guns, cannons, steel) Native American rivalries (recruit Native Americans to fight each other) Disease (Native Americans had no immunities to European diseases)

16. The Columbian Exchange European explorers and settlers took plants and animals with them to the America’s. They also took plants and animals back to Europe

17. Part 2 – The English, Dutch + French in the New World Spanish Colonies Portuguese Colonies As Spain and Portugal enlarged their empires, England and France thought it necessary to develop colonies of their own. As a result English colonies were founded.

18. English Colonies – Jamestown (1607) The first permanent English settlement founded in Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 The first colonists hoped to strike it rich by finding gold. Within the first year about 2/3’s of the original settlers had died. With the help of Native Americans settlers learned to grow corn and fish. Jamestown will become rich by growing tobacco to be sold in England.

19. Capt. John Smith Record this on the back of the Jamestown notes Was elected leader of Jamestown in 1608 Ordered that settlers build a fort and work harder to build good housing Rewarded hard workers with food Made an agreement with Powhatan Indians – helped them fight enemies in exchange for food and farming help

20. Images from Jamestown

21. Jamestown – Video Review

22. The Virginia House of Burgesses First representative government group in the American colonies. Citizens of Jamestown elected people to represent them. The House met for the first time at Jamestown July 30, 1619. Copy this into your notes.

23. The Pilgrims (1620) Chose to leave England for religious freedom After a 10 week voyage, 102 men, women and children landed at Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts Before going ashore, they pledged to themselves to self-govern, that all laws would need common approval and consent (agreement) – this was known as the Mayflower Compact

24. Mayflower Compact (Political)

25. The Pilgrims + Native Americans (social) The Pilgrims survived due to the help of the native Americans who taught them how to hunt, fish and grow crops. The first Thanksgiving involved Pilgrims and Native Americans sharing the bounty of the fall harvest

26. The Pilgrims at Plymouth

27. The Puritans (1630) Larger religious group than the Pilgrims Left England and established the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 Within a few years more than 10,000 more will follow

28. Puritan Beliefs (social) Believed they were establishing God’s kingdom on earth and had no need to tolerate other views or opinions Church attendance was required Sought to “purify” their religion by making services and life as simple and plain as possible – allowed NO dancing or entertainment

29. Happy Holidays Puritan Style!

30. The Puritans – video review

31. Why Settlers Came to America Religious Freedom Desire For Land A Better Life Atlantic Slave trade